Pearl Token: Ƙoƙarin Farfaɗo da Hakar Ma'adinai ta Gargajiya

Kowane mutum da ya taɓa shiga harkar cryptocurrencies yana da wani kanti ko gareji a cikin abubuwan da yake tunawa. Akwai wani ɗaki, mai warin ƙurar dumi, da jerin buɗaɗɗun kwanon kwamfuta da aka ɗaure su da igiyoyin filastik (zip ties), tare da fankar da ke kukan da maƙwabta suka tsana. Na wasu 'yan shekaru masu daraja, wannan hayaniyar a zahiri tana wakiltar kuɗi ne: idan ka bar katin zane-zane (graphics card) yana aiki dare ɗaya zai riƙa haƙo Bitcoin cikin nutsuwa yayin da kake barci, kuma ƙwarewar da ake buƙata kawai ita ce ƙarfin halin kin sayarwa. Wannan lokacin ya ƙare a hanyar da aka rubuta sosai — da farko kwakwalwan ASIC na musamman suka bayyana, sannan gonakin masana'antu, kuma an janye GPU na yau da kullun daga hakar ma'adinai kusan kamar yadda ake cire tsohon dokin aiki a bayan ɗakin ajiya.

Wannan ne dalilin da ya sa abubuwan da suka faru a shekarar da ta gabata suka ba mutane da yawa mamaki. Wani cryptocurrency da ake kira Pearl ya fito, wanda ya dogara da hakar ma'adinai ta GPU, kuma na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci tsarin ya yi aiki sosai: masu kayan aikin wasan bidiyo (gaming) sun sake fara haɗa kayan aikin su (rigs) don hakar kuɗin ba tsayawa, kuma — wannan shine ɓangaren da ya sa lamarin ya bazu sosai — mutanen da ba su da kayan aikin kansu na gaming za su iya yin hayan GPUs a kan farashin awa a kasuwanni na fili kuma su ƙare da samun riba. Sabis ɗin haya da galibi ke hidimtawa sabbin kamfanonin AI sun ga yawan amfani da kayansu ya kusa kashi casa'in cikin ɗari, kusan duka an mayar da hankali ne ga wani blockchain ɗaya na musamman. Tunanin hakar ma'adinai ta gargajiya, wanda ya mutu tsawon shekaru goma, ya zama kamar an dawo da shi saboda shauƙin baya da kuma kyakkyawan tsarin ƙarfafawa.

A bayyane yake cewa bai daɗe ba, kamar yadda babu wata matsalar samun kuɗi mai sauƙi (money glitch) irin wannan da ke daɗewa. Duk da haka bayanin abin da Pearl ya kasance, tare da dalilan nasararsa da kuma lokacin da ya daina aiki, yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙin darussa a fannin tattalin arziƙin crypto wanda za a iya samu kyauta gaba ɗaya.

Mutumin da Bai Taɓa Sayar da Garejin Ba

Mutumin da ake magana a kansa shine Greg. Shi ba babban mai jari (whale) bane kuma ba na cikin gida bane; a maimakon haka, shi mai kula da tsarin kwamfuta (systems administrator) ne a cikin shekarunsa na arba'in kuma, daga 2011 zuwa 2013, ya yi amfani da katunan zane-zane don hakar Bitcoin, ya sayar da wani ɓangare na abin da ya tara don siyan mota, yana ajiye tsofaffin GPUs ɗin da ya yi amfani da su a matsayin abin tunawa, kuma bai taɓa yafewa kansa ba game da bitcoins ɗin da ya rabu da su a farashin da yanzu kamar kuskuren rubutu ne. Greg shine ainihin nau'in mutumin da aka yi Pearl dominsa, kuma yana sane da wannan, amma hakan ba ya damunsa. Yanayin maganarsa yana canzawa lokacin da yake magana game da wannan lokacin a cikin garejinsa; ba kuɗin ne ke da muhimmanci a gare shi ba, a'a jin daɗin na'ura mai samar da kuɗi da kuma alfaharin kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin na farko.

Tarin katunan zane-zane da Greg ke da su a halin yanzu kaɗan ne amma na gaske ne; ya haɗa da adadin RTX 3090s da aka yi amfani da su waɗanda ya saya a ƙarshen lokacin sanyin crypto na ƙarshe, RTX 5090 guda ɗaya mai kyau wanda yake ɗauka kamar dabba mai laushi, da ƙananan katunan zane-zane da ke zaune a kan ɗakunan ajiya waɗanda matarsa ta yi nasarar ragewa a lokuta daban-daban guda biyu. Tsawon shekaru da yawa manufar wannan kayan aikin ita ce bayar da shi haya kawai. Shafuka kamar Vast.ai suna ba wa ɗaiɗaikun mutane damar lissafa ƙarfin GPU ɗin su a farashin awa, kuma a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata ɓangaren kasuwar da ke da buƙata mafi girma ya ƙunshi mutanen da ke horarwa da gudanar da samfuran AI. Saboda haka, a mafi yawan kwanaki baƙi ne ke amfani da kwamfutocin don gudanar da inference da fine-tuning don samfuran yarensu. Samun kuɗin yana da tabbas, ba tare da wani shauƙi ba, kuma gwargwadon iko yana nesa da tunanin yin aiki da hannu a cikin gareji. Ba a sake amfani da katunan don hakar ma'adinai ba; maimakon haka yanzu ana amfani da su don ayyukan ɗan lokaci (gig work).

Lokacin da aka gabatar da Pearl, Greg — kamar yadda sauran mutane da yawa suka yi — ya shirya maƙunsar bayanai (spreadsheet), wani abu ne wanda kowane mai kayan aikin silicon da ba ya aiki zai so ya yi; ya ninka farashin token ɗin da adadin fitowar da ake tsammani a kowace rana sannan ya raba sakamakon da hashrate na hanyar sadarwa kafin ya ci gaba da kwatanta shi da kudin shigar hayan da ake samu a kowane kati. Maƙunsar bayanan ta ba da amsa mai ban mamaki ƙwarai. Yin hakar Pearl ba tsayawa, sa'o'i ashirin da huɗu a rana, ya fi zama zaɓi mai kyau fiye da ba da hayan katunan ga kamfanonin AI — ba wai kawai ya ɗan fi kyau ba, amma ya ninka shi sau da yawa. A karon farko a cikin shekaru goma amsar gaskiya ga tambayar 'me ya kamata GPUs ɗina su yi a daren yau' ta zo daidai da abin da ta kasance a 2012: yi hakar ma'adinai.

Yana da muhimmanci a bayyana ainihin abin da Pearl ya kasance a zahiri, ganin cewa an yaɗa sunan kuma an karkatar da shi ta kowane fanni saboda tallatawa. A ainihinsa, aikin ya kasance kawai yunƙuri ne na mayar da hakar ma'adinai zuwa wasa — wannan yana nufin fitar da token ba tsayawa ga duk wanda ya gudanar da ainihin aikin GPU ta hanyar manhajar aikin (client), tare da canza jadawalin wadata da labarin da ke tattare da shi don ba da lada ga waɗanda suka shiga da wuri kuma a bayyane. Ba wani Bitcoin na biyu bane, ba mafita bane ga wata matsala ta gaske, kuma ba kadara ce mai amfani a ma'anar yau da kullun ba. Darajarsa ta dogara ne gaba ɗaya a kan hankali da aka ba shi — a kan yarjejeniyar gama-gari ta wata ƙungiya cewa hakar ma'adinai ya kamata ta kasance abin jin daɗi, cewa GPUs ya kamata a yi la'akari da su, kuma wataƙila, wataƙila kawai, ana iya dawo da tsofaffin kwanakin ta hanyar ƙara alamar ciniki (ticker) ga tsarin. Greg ya fahimci wannan sosai; shi da kansa zai faɗi haka, yawanci jim kaɗan kafin ya duba ma'aunin kuɗinsa.

Akwai bambanci wanda farfagandar ta ɓoye da gangan, kuma wannan yana da muhimmanci ga duk wanda ke son ɗaukar wani darasi daga lamarin. A cikin 2012 Bitcoin yana haƙo token ne wanda ke da nufin zama kuɗi kuma, abin mamaki, a zahiri ya zama kuɗi — akwai yiwuwar cewa wutar lantarkin za a iya mayar da ita wani abu mai dorewa. Pearl, a gefe guda, ya haƙo token ne wanda kawai ke da nufin ba da dalilin kunna GPU ɗinka. Aikin bai cimma komai ba dangane da duniyar waje, bai kare komai ba in ban da kiyaye nasa ƙididdigar, kuma ya ƙirƙiri daraja ne kawai gwargwadon yadda sabon hankali ya ci gaba da zuwa don siyan abubuwan da aka fitar. Wannan ba ya nufin zamba ce; yana nufin wasa ne mai ainihin tarin kyaututtuka, yana tsakanin caca da shiga wasan nishaɗi. Amma wannan bambancin ya ƙayyade komai game da yadda labarin ya ƙare, tunda wasanni masu tarin kyaututtuka suna ƙarewa ne idan masu kallo suka koma gida, yayin da kuɗi — idan ma zai taɓa ƙarewa — yana yin hakan ne saboda wasu dalilai daban, masu tafiyar hawainiya. Greg ya haƙi duka biyun, da tazarar shekaru goma, kuma zai gaya muku cewa jin daɗin lokacin rubutawa a madannai ya kasance ɗaya. Jin daɗin da ke cikin walat ɗin daga baya, duk da haka, ba ɗaya bane.

Lokacin da Haya ta Zama Hakar Ma'adinai

Abin da yake sabo da gaske game da labarin ba hakar ma'adinan bane amma wanda aka yarda ya shiga. Shekaru goma da suka gabata, shiga cikin hakar ma'adinai yana buƙatar mallakar kayan aiki; buƙatar shiga ita ce kuɗin katin kiredit. Al'amarin Pearl ya gudana ne ta hanyar daban gaba ɗaya. Kasuwanni kamar Vast.ai da Clore.ai sun kasance daidai don kowa ya iya yin hayan lokacin GPU daga wasu mutane — yawanci don daidaita samfuri (fine-tune) ko yin render ɗin wani fage. Mutane sun fahimci cewa GPUs ɗin da aka yi haya za su iya gudanar da manhajar Pearl cikin sauƙi kamar yadda za su iya gudanar da PyTorch; mai haya zai iya kafa injina da yawa a farashin kasuwa, ya mayar da su duka zuwa token ɗin, kuma ya riƙe bambancin da ke tsakanin abin da aka samu daga fitar da kuɗin da kuma kudin hayan.

Tsawon makonni da yawa bambancin yana da yawa sosai. Dandamalolin haya — kasuwannin da ke da nasu ma'aunin wadata da buƙata mai sauƙin canzawa — sun fuskanci ƙaruwar buƙata yayin da gonakin hakar ma'adinai da suka ƙunshi GPUs na wasu mutane suka bayyana ba zato ba tsammani. A wasu nau'ikan katunan matakin amfani ya haura zuwa kashi casa'in cikin ɗari; farashin a ɓangaren haya ya ƙaru; kuma damar cin riba ta hanyar arbitrage ta ragu daga ɓangarorin biyu, kamar yadda yake a kowane lokaci. Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin yanayin tattalin arziƙi ya kasance abin ban dariya har ya sa kalmar ta bazu sosai a tsakanin kowane tashar Telegram: matsalar kuɗi mara iyaka (infinite money glitch). Abin da kawai za ka yi shine ka yi hayan kwamfutocin wasu mutane, ka haɗa su da token ɗin da ke biya fiye da kudin kwamfutocin, sannan ka sake maimaita aikin. Ba a buƙatar babban jari, ba a buƙatar kayan aiki, kuma ƙwarewar da ake buƙata kawai ita ce fahimtar Docker a matakin farko.

Halin ɗan adam na wannan ɗan lokacin abu ne da ya kamata a ji daɗinsa tunda an bayar da aikin hakar ma'adinai ga wasu. Mutanen da ba su taɓa shiga cikin hakar ma'adinai ba a zahiri sun ji daɗin wani baƙon jin daɗi na ganin injinan da suka yi haya suna aiki a cikin nahiyoyi uku kuma suna samun token mai ɗauke da sunansu. Greg aƙalla yana da fa'idar tarihi a gefensa don haka ya tsawaita lokacin aikin kayan aikinsa, yana mai sa 5090 ɗinsa ta gudanar da mafi kyawun aikin dare mai samun riba a tarihi. Na ɗan wani lokaci kasuwannin hayan GPU — kasuwancin da suka shafi busassun ababen more rayuwa, a zahiri ayyukan amfani — sun zama kamar gidajen caca inda fa'idar gidan a ɗan lokaci ta fifita 'yan wasa. Ba yanayi ne mai dorewa ba don ababen more rayuwa su zama tikitin caca, amma a matsayin abin tunawa ba zai yiwu a doke shi ba, kuma duk waɗanda abin ya shafa sun san cewa suna ciyar da ɗan kankanin lokaci ne.

Shafukan yanar gizo na haya da kansu sun kasance cikin yanayin mamaki mai natsuwa a wannan lokacin. Tsarin kasuwancin su ya dogara ne akan daidaito — dole ne a sami isasshen wadata don biyan buƙatun AI, isasshen buƙata don ƙarfafa masu mallaka su lissafa injinansu, da farashin da ke tafiya a cikin kewayon da kowa zai iya yin shiri a kai. Lokacin da Pearl ya kawo gigicewar buƙata ba tare da biyayya ba — wato, mai haya wanda zai yi hayan kowane katin da ke akwai na nau'in da ya dace a kowane farashi har sai damar arbitrage ta ɓace sannan ya ɓace ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da barin adireshin gaba ba — masu mallaka sun yi farin ciki; amfani bai taɓa yin girma haka ba a wajen manyan ƙaddamar da samfuran AI. Dandamalolin, duk da haka, wataƙila sun fi rashin tabbas game da hakan. Kasuwar da ke tashi da sauri sannan ta faɗi tana koya wa mahalarta rashin amincewa da ginshiƙin farashin. Kuma lamarin ya bar babban tasiri a ɓangarorin biyu: masu haya sun gano cewa buƙatar hakar ma'adinai na iya cunkushe ƙarfin kwamfutarsu, masu mallaka sun fahimci cewa dashboard ɗin uptime ɗin su na iya zama kamar na injinan caca (slot machines), kuma kowa ya koyi cewa a tsari kasuwar hayan GPU mataki ɗaya kawai ya rage mata daga gano farashi don ta zama ƙungiyar hakar ma'adinai (mining pool) da ba ta gane hakan ba tukuna.

Fanfo da Bututun Kashe Gobara

Me ya sa ƙungiyar Pearl ta ɗauki waɗannan matakan? Amsar rashin yarda — cewa sun yi hakan ne don su wadata kansu — ta shafi kowane irin aiki don haka ta gaza ba mu wani bayani mai amfani. Ƙarin bayani mai ban sha'awa shine cewa Pearl ya kasance da farko na'urar tattara hankali ne, kuma hakar ma'adinai ta GPU tana ɗaya daga cikin na'urori mafi inganci da aka taɓa ƙirƙira a duniyar crypto. Airdrop abu ne da ba ya buƙatar aiki sosai: kawai ka danna sannan ka karɓi tokens ɗin kafin ka manta da su. Hakar ma'adinai, akasin haka, tana buƙatar shiga tsakani sosai — dole ne ka shigar da software, ka bar ta tana aiki, kuma ka saka mata idanu — kuma irin wannan shigar ne ke haifar da jin kasancewa wani ɓangare. Tunda dubban mutane sun yi amfani da manhajar Pearl, hakan yana nufin cewa dubbai suna da software ɗin a kwamfutocinsu, suna duba ma'aunin kuɗinsu a kai a kai, suna magana game da token ɗin, kuma suna kare shi a ɓangaren sharhi. Ba za ku iya samar da irin wannan sadaukarwar kawai ta hanyar kashe kasafin kuɗin talla ba; hanya ɗaya tilo ita ce ƙirƙirar ta, kuma ladan hakar ma'adinai shine wannan ƙirƙirar.

Hanyar da ƙungiyar ta bi ta kasance darasi ne na littafi na incentive bootstrapping tun da ta tattara fitar da kudaden akan waɗanda suka fara shiga ta yadda ba za a iya musanta sakamakon ba, ta ba da damar ribar ta yi aiki a matsayin wani nau'i na talla ga kanta, sannan ta ga labarin ya bazu a cikin ainihin ƙungiyoyin — wato, masu GPU, 'yan kasuwar haya, da asusun shauƙin hakar ma'adinai — waɗanda shigarsu ita ce ta ba alkaluman kowace irin ainihin ma'ana. Shin kamfanin yana samun riba daga wannan? Mai yiwuwa ne sosai, kodayake bayanan kuɗin ba su da damar shiga ga kowa a wajen ƙungiyar; aikin da ke fitar da nasa kuɗin sannan ya yi amfani da shi don jawo hankalin kasuwa yana samun riba a zahiri da zarar an yi cinikin wannan kuɗin a farashin da ya haura farashin samar da shi, wanda kusan sifili ne. Ko ribar ta fito ne daga ajiyar tokens da aka ajiye a cikin taskar ajiya, daga kowane kudade ko tallace-tallace a cikin yanayin muhallin (ecosystem), ko daga ƙimar zaɓi da ke fitowa daga samun ƙungiyar magoya baya masu himma — tsarin tattalin arziƙin an samo shi ne daga tushe ɗaya kamar duk ayyukan da suka gabata: kuɗin farko yana mai da hankali zuwa jarin kasuwa (market capitalization).

Abin da ke buƙatar wani matsayi na gaskiya shine wannan: me ya sa babu wasu kamfanoni a halin yanzu da ke yin wannan aiki? Ba wai mutane ba su yi ƙoƙari ba ne — tokens masu kwaikwayon hakar GPU suna ci gaba da bayyana. Abin da ya sa matsayin Pearl ya zama na musamman shine ƙarancin al'amarin da kansa. Aikin farko na jagorantar ƙarfin GPU na hayan duniya ta hanyar token guda ɗaya ya sami damar kama duk wani tashin hankali na hasashe; na biyun kuma, a gefe guda, yana samun ɗan ƙaramin ɓangare ne kawai na sa, a mafi munin farashi, tare da magance tambayoyi masu wahala. Hankali a kasuwannin haya hanya ce da wanda ya yi nasara ke ɗaukar kusan komai. Da zarar jama'a sun fahimci yadda wasan yake aiki — da zarar kowa ya fahimci cewa lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da token mai haƙo, wadatar za ta ƙaru kuma lokacin damar zai rufe — babu wani token na gaba da zai iya ba da irin wannan sauƙin damar arbitrage, saboda da zarar an saka wa wani abu farashi, rashin laifinsa ya tafi. Yanzu an sake mayar da injinan Greg tsakanin samun riba, kuma babu wani aiki na gaba da ya fito wanda ya sa maƙunsar bayanan ta yi aiki. Masu mallaka sun rage tare da kayan aiki masu kyau sosai, suna neman wani Pearl kuma suna samun rangwame ne kawai akan haya.

Yin Ritayar GPU, Kuma

Ƙarshen wannan damar ya kasance ne kawai hanyar da irin waɗannan ƙarshen ke faruwa: ta hanyar lissafi. Yayin da adadin masu hakar ma'adinai ya ƙaru, adadin abubuwan da ake fitarwa a kowace inji ya faɗi – ana raba lada ɗaya na jimilla a tsakanin hashrate mai ƙaruwa koyaushe, saboda haka rabon kowane kati yana raguwa zuwa kudin ci gaba da gudanar da shi. Sannan farashin token ɗin, wanda aka goyi bayansa da irin matakin hankalin da ya sa mutane shiga hakar ma'adinai, ya haɓaka nasa tasirin jawo ƙasa. Layukan biyu sun haɗu a wannan lokacin, matsalar kuɗi mara iyaka ta juya zuwa wajibcin kuɗi mai iyaka sannan kuma ta zama asarar kuɗi, bayan haka kayan aikin haya – tun da a ƙarshe mutanen da ake biya a kowace awa ke gudanar da su – sun cire haɗin a cikin 'yan kwanaki. Yawan amfani a kan dandamalolin haya ya koma ƙasa zuwa matakinsu na al'ada da AI ke jagoranta. A cikin kyakkyawan hukuncinsa, Greg ya mayar da katunansa zuwa aiki a kan samfuran harshe, aikin da ke biyan kuɗi kaɗan a kowane mako mai kyau amma yana biyan wannan adadin akai-akai kuma ba ya buƙatar mutum ya yi imani da alamar ciniki (ticker).

Kwatanta da tarihin Bitcoin ya wuce zama kawai abin kwatantawa; tsari ne na asali. Amfani da GPUs don hakar Bitcoin ya ƙare ne saboda dalili guda ɗaya kawai: ladan da ake samu a kowace naúrar aikin GPU ya faɗi ƙasa da kudin gudanar da wannan aikin, tunda ASICs na musamman da manyan ayyukan masana'antu sun rage rabon kowa. Halin da ake ciki tare da Pearl ya fi sauri amma ya bi tsari iri ɗaya — ƙayyadadden adadin fitarwa wanda ƙaruwar shiga ke biyo baya, har sai abubuwan tattalin arziƙi suka kawar da ainihin nau'in mahalarta da aka sanya wa aikin suna dominsu. Mai hakar gida koyaushe shine na ƙarshe da zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin tattalin arziƙin hakar ma'adinai, saboda yana iya jure asarar da aka ɓoye a matsayin abin sha'awa, kuma a lokaci guda na farko da zai ɓace, tunda ba shi da wata fa'idar kuɗi ko kaɗan. Shauƙin baya na iya sa a ƙaddamar da token, amma ba zai iya biyan kuɗin wutar lantarki ba kuma ba zai iya yin takara da datacentre ba — wannan ainihin kuskuren hakar ma'adinai ta GPU an sake maimaita shi gaba ɗaya.

Akwai, duk da haka, wani darasi mai zurfi da za a ɗauka, wanda ya shafi abin da Greg ya ɗauka da gaske daga lamarin. Lokacin da aka sami riba ba wai game da Pearl bane kwata-kwata; a maimakon haka ya kasance game da rashin daidaito na ɗan lokaci tsakanin kasuwanni biyu — kasuwar lokacin GPU da kasuwar fitar da token — kuma mutanen da ke da damar gano irin wannan rashin daidaiton kuma suka yi aiki a kansu a cikin sa'o'i, maimakon bayan makonni, su ne suka ƙare da samun mafi yawan fa'ida. Wannan ƙwarewar, sabanin shauƙin baya, wani abu ne da za a iya amfani da shi a yanayi daban-daban. Irin wannan fahimtar da ta ba wani damar hango token mai haƙo da ya fi farashin hayan AI zai ba su damar gano damar arbitrage ta gaba a duk inda ta taso: kwangilar datacenter da ba a sa mata farashi daidai ba, nau'in kati mai wadataccen da ba shi da daidaito, ko hanyar biyan kuɗi wacce ta fi sauƙi fiye da yadda mutane ke tsammani. Ainihin gaskiyar game da gudanar da ƙananan tattalin arziƙin kayan aiki shine cewa rayuwa ta dogara ne akan kudade — wato, akan nawa ne daga cikin ƙananan kuɗin shigar ku ke ɓacewa lokacin da kuka cire kuɗi. Hanyar zamani ta Greg ita ce maida kuɗin shigarsa na hakar ma'adinai da haya zuwa USDT sannan ya mayar da shi a kan TRON, inda biyan cikakken kuɗin ƙonawa (burn rate) a kowace ma'amala ba lallai bane amma zaɓi ne: maimakon ƙona TRX, mutum zai iya siyan TRON Energy, kuma lokacin amfani da mai tattarawa (aggregator) mai kyau don samun TRON Energy mai arha, ƙananan ma'amalolin yini ɗaya suna canzawa daga zama asara zuwa kuskuren lissafi kawai.

Netts.io wani mai tattara makamashi ne wanda ke tattara Energy daga kewayon masu samarwa da aka tabbatar kuma yana tura shi zuwa adireshin ku a cikin 'yan daƙiƙa kaɗan bayan kun biya — ba tare da buƙatar ku yi stake ko freeze na crypton ku ba — kuma yana nan don tabbatar da cewa ƙaramin tattalin arziƙin ku na salon gareji yana kiyaye ribarsa: na awa ɗaya zaku iya samun ko dai 65k ko 131k Energy a farashin da ya kusan sau biyar ƙasa da kudin ƙona TRX don ma'amala iri ɗaya. Pearl ya zo ya wuce, kamar yadda lu'ulu'un (pearls) hankali ke yi. Kayan aikin sun rage, ɗabi'un sun rage, kuma bambancin da ke tsakanin waɗancan mutanen da ke bunƙasa a cikin wannan tattalin arziƙin da waɗanda kawai ke shiga ciki ya kasance iri ɗaya ne: lura da inda aninai ke ɓacewa da toshe hanyar kafin sauran jama'a su yi.