Kripto da Jami'o'i: Ilimin Blockchain

Shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, tunanin hakan ma ba zai yiwu ba. Gwada ba wa wani babban farfesa a jami'ar Harvard ko Oxford shawarar cewa ya kamata su koyar da darasi na ilimi mai maki a kan wani nau'in kudin intanet da aka kirkira. Da an yi dariya ga wannan ra'ayin a matsayin shirme, wata sha'awar lantarki ta dan lokaci wadda ba ta cancanci wani babban nazari na ilimi ba. Duk da haka, ga mu nan yau.

Yanzu, duniya da mahangarmu ta kudi da fasaha sun canza har ta kai ga cewa wadannan shahararrun cibiyoyi, tare da takwarorinsu a fadin duniya, suna sahun gaba wajen koyar da ilimin blockchain. Abin da ya fara a matsayin batun gefe ga masu tsara shirye-shiryen kwamfuta da masu adawa da tsarin gwamnati ta hanyar dijital ya koma fannin ilimi na kwararrun masu basira a fannin fasaha, kudi, shari'a, da kasuwanci.

Ci gaban ilimin ya biyo bayan yanayin masana'antar kanta mai cike da kalubale amma mai bunkasa. A farkon farawa, lokacin da Bitcoin ya kasance kawai abin sha'awa da ake tattaunawa a jerin wasikun sirri na kwamfuta (cryptography mailing lists), kamfanonin fasaha sun fara ba da kananan gudunmawa. Sha'awar ta karu a tsakanin dalibai yayin kumfar ICO ta 2017, galibi sakamakon burin "samun kudi cikin sauri." Amma bayan haka, sanyaya kasuwar da kuma balagar lokacin DeFi na 2020 sun mayar da hankali daga hasashen riba zuwa gina tsarin more rayuwa.

Jami'o'i sun lura cewa ba kawai koyar da wani yayi suke yi ba; suna koyar da mataki na gaba na intanet ne. A kwanakin nan, "Gabatarwa ga Bitcoin" ba shi ne kadai darasin da ake da shi ba. Ya fadada ya hada da dabarun game theory na gaba, injiniyan tsarin rarraba bayanai (distributed systems engineering), da manufofin kudi na algorithm gami da tsarin dokoki game da kadarorin dijital. Shakkar da aka yi a shekarun baya an maye gurbinta da gasar neman daukaka, inda manyan jami'o'i ke fafatawa don zama hanyar samar da kwararrun Web3 ga duniya.

Wannan sauyin ilimi ya samo asali ne daga abin da ya wuce kawai sha'awar sani; a maimakon haka, yana nuna martani mai zurfi ga juyin juya halin duniya da ke faruwa a yanzu a fannin tattalin arzikin siyasa.

Dalibai suna fafutukar neman wadannan kwarewar, saboda kasuwa tana ba su lada mai yawa. Tare da "babban canjin dukiya" na tiriliyoyin jari da ke shirin faruwa daga tsofaffi (Boomers) zuwa matasa, akwai sha'awa bayyananna cewa kadarorin dijital za su kasance ginshiki a nan gaba wajen sarrafa asusun jari (portfolios). Ganin yadda manyan kamfanonin kudi ke samar da rajistocin sirri (private ledgers) da kuma sabbin kamfanoni (startups) da ke sake fasalin tsarin samar da kayayyaki (supply chains), ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa bukatar mutanen da suka fahimci fasahar blockchain ta karu sosai.

Jami'o'i, da yake sun san cewa suna bukatar shirya dalibai don ayyukan da ba su ma wanzu ba shekaru goma da suka gabata, sun yi gaggawar samar da tsarin karatu (curriculums) masu inganci da kuma dacewa da zamani. Wannan ba batun musayar shawarwari ba ne kawai; fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta ne, ka'idar wasanni (game theory), manufofin tattalin arziki (macroeconomic policy), da kuma tsaron bayanan sirri (cryptographic security).

Sabbin Masana Dijital: Mamayar MIT a Fannin Injiniya

Massachusetts Institute of Technology — MIT ne ke kan gaba a wannan juyin juya hali na ilimi. Kamar yadda ake tsammani daga cibiyar kirkire-kirkire ta fasaha, matsayin MIT kan blockchain yana da zurfin fasaha da kuma mayar da hankali kan bincike. Jami'ar ba wai kawai tana koyar da blockchain ba ne, tana kuma taka rawar gani wajen tsara makomarsa ta hanyar Shirin Kudin Dijital (Digital Currency Initiative - DCI).

Wannan kokari na hadin gwiwar fannoni daban-daban an karkatar da shi ne kacokan zuwa ga kudin intanet (cryptocurrency) da fasahohinsa na asali, inda aka tattara masu bincike daga fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta, injiniyan lantarki, lissafi, da tattalin arziki domin nazarin karfin fadada (scalability), tsaro, da sirrin kudaden intanet da tsarin su na rarraba (decentralized systems). Sun gudanar da Project Hamilton, wani hadin gwiwa da Babban Bankin Tarayya na Boston (Federal Reserve Bank of Boston) don bincika yiwuwar fasahar kudin dijital na babban banki (CBDC). Irin wannan tasiri mai girma a zahiri abu ne da aka saba gani a kwarewar MIT.

MIT tana da dogon tarihi na shahararrun darussa a wannan fanni.

‘Blockchain and Money,’ wani kwas ne da ya shahara a duniya lokacin da Gary Gensler ya jagorance shi kafin nada shi a matsayin shugaban manufofi na SEC, an yi shi ne don daidaita tazarar da ke tsakanin tsarin aikin yarjejeniyoyin (protocols) na blockchain da kuma fannonin tunani tare da aikace-aikace a fannin kuɗi. Yana ƙarfafa ɗalibai su yi tambayoyi game da dorewar tattalin arziƙin irin waɗannan tsarin. Wani muhimmin kwas kuma, “Cryptocurrency Engineering and Design,” ba na rago ba ne. Yana buƙatar ingantaccen ilimin kimiyyar kwamfuta da lissafi, inda yake buƙatar ɗalibai su ƙirƙira sannan su ruguza nasu kuɗaɗen intanet (cryptocurrencies) domin fahimtar sarƙaƙiyar yarjejeniyar amincewa (consensus). Sakamakon yana da girma: ɗalibai suna samun tushen da zai ba su damar ba da gudummawa a babban mataki ga ci gaba da bincike a irin waɗannan tsarin, tare da tsara yadda muke tunani game da tsarin da ba su da cibiya (decentralized systems) a nan gaba. Ba a fi mayar da hankali kan yanayin kasuwa ba, sai dai komawa ga tushen kimiyyar da ta sa hakan ya yiwu tun farko.

Matattarar Silicon Valley: Jami'ar Stanford

Tabbas, jami'ar da ke bayan juyin juya halin dijital ita ma tana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun makarantun blockchain a duniya. Da take a Silicon Valley, Jami'ar Stanford tana amfani da damar wurin da take da Cibiyar Binciken Blockchain (CBR). An ƙaddamar da CBR ne don magance matsalolin fasaha masu wahala a fannin blockchain, kuma tana tattaro malamai da ɗalibai daga sassan kimiyyar kwamfuta, shari'a, da tattalin arziki. Karkashin jagorancin babban masanin ɓoye bayanan sirri (cryptographer) Dan Boneh, cibiyar tana fitar da sabbin ra'ayoyi a fannoni masu mahimmanci kamar su zero-knowledge proofs da verifiable delay functions. Kuma yanzu muna shiga cikin ainihin zancen.

Tsarin karatun Stanford yana da banbanci sosai. Darussa kamar “CS 251: Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain Technologies” suna ba da ingantaccen tushen fasaha wanda ya haɗa da hash functions har zuwa zero-knowledge proofs.

Amma Stanford ta ci gaba da mataki guda, inda take mayar da hankali musamman kan fannonin shari'a na wannan fanni. “LAW 1043: Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies” yana binciko rukunonin dokoki da ba su fito fili ba wadanda ke tsara yanayin crypto na yanzu. Jami'ar kuma tana shirya taron Stanford Blockchain Conference na shekara-shekara, wani babban taron ilimi ne da ke hada masu bincike da masu samar da fasaha (developers) daga sassan duniya don tattauna sabbin bincike kan tsaron bayanai.

Jami'ar kuma wata matattara ce ta hadakar ilimi da masana'antu. Wuri ne mai kyau ga masu son shiga harkar fasaha wadanda ke son samun gurbi a tattalin arziki na biyar mafi girma a duniya. Kasancewar jami'ar kusa da kamfanonin zuba jari (venture capitals) da manyan kamfanonin fasaha masu tasiri yana ba dalibai dama ta musamman wajen kulla alaka da sanin yadda karatunsu yake aiki a aikace bayan aji. Akwai dalibai a nan wadanda ba rubuta kasidu kawai suke yi ba, a'a, suna yawan yin horon aiki (internship) a kan daidai tsarin (protocols) da aka bayyana a cikin littattafansu.

Mai Kafa Sabon Tsari: University of California, Berkeley

Tafiyar mota kadan daga nan, Jami'ar California, Berkeley tana samar da wani tsari na daban amma mai tasiri daidai da na Stanford. Baya ga kwararrun malaman kimiyyar kwamfuta na Berkeley, sunan jami'ar a fannin blockchain ya fi shahara ne saboda kwazon dalibai. Daya daga cikin kungiyoyin dalibai mafi girma kuma mafi karsashi a duniyar crypto ita ce “Blockchain at Berkeley”. Ba wai kawai suna shirya tarukan haduwa ba ne, har ma suna koyar da darussa na hukuma masu daraja (credits) a matsayin wani bangare na shirin DeCal na jami'ar. Ba kowa ne ke daukar koyon kai da kai a matsayin kwarewa ba, amma a nan, haka yake: Wannan tsarin karatu na musamman yana da saurin sauyawa sosai — kuma yana sabunta kansa a kowane zangon karatu don nuna sabbin tsare-tsare (protocols) da abubuwan da ke tasowa makonni ko watanni kafin malaman jami'a na gargajiya su samu damar yin hakan.

Wannan tsari da aka fara daga kasa ya saukaka koyo ga kowa kuma ya taimaka wajen samar da al'adar hadin gwiwa tsakanin fannoni daban-daban inda dukkan dalibai ke jin za su iya mu'amala da abubuwan da ake koyarwa. Darasin su na "Blockchain Fundamentals" ya zama sananne sosai saboda yadda yake maraba da saukaka abubuwa ga wadanda ba kwararrun kwamfuta ba, da kuma kokarinsa na saukaka tsarin koyon crypto.

Amma Berkeley kuma wata babbar cibiya ce ta ci gaba. Kungiyar daliban tana aiki kusan kamar kamfanin bayar da shawara, tare da gudanar da ayyuka ga manyan kamfanoni a fannin. Bugu da kari, Berkeley Blockchain Xcelerator yana zama matakala ga sabbin kamfanoni masu tasowa kuma yana ba da jagora da taimako ga daliban da suka kafa kamfanoni. Wannan yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka sa Berkeley ta zama wani babban karfi wajen samar da sabon zamani na masu gina tsarin blockchain da masu tunani daban-daban, dangane da ko ilimi mai daraja a duniya dole ne ya fito daga tsarin hukumomi na sama zuwa kasa. Labarai da dama masu kayatarwa game da crypto sun kuma bayyana muhimman ayyukan da wannan tsarin ya samar, wanda hakan ya sanya Berkeley a matsayin wurin da ake horar da wadanda za su kafa kamfanoni a nan gaba.

Rayuwa a Ivy League: Harvard da Cornell

A Gabashin Gabar Teku (East Coast), Jami'ar Harvard tana duba wannan batu ta fuskoki daban-daban kuma masu fadi. Yayin da take ci gaba da bayar da darussan fasaha, kamar "Introduction to Blockchain and Bitcoin" na Makarantar Injiniya da Kimiyyar Aikace-aikace, Harvard ta fi karkata zuwa ga tasirin tattalin arziki, shari'a, da zamantakewa da ke tattare da blockchain. Makarantar tana kuma fatan zaburar da shugabanni masu tasowa a fannin kasuwanci, shari'a, da gwamnati tare da hangen nesa don sarrafa karfin blockchain na sauya fasalin abubuwa. Cibiyar Berkman Klein ta Intanet da Al'umma tana daya daga cikin abubuwan alfaharin Harvard, inda take nazarin mahadar shari'a, albarkatun dijital, da shugabanci.

Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard (Harvard Business School) tana kan gaba da darussan da aka kebe don "intanet na kima" (internet of value). Tambayoyin da wannan yake kawowa ba kawai "yaya ake kara inganta lambobin kwamfuta (code) ba?" suke ba, sai dai "yaya wannan yake sake fasalin amana a cikin al'umma?". Samar da darussan Harvard ga mutane da yawa zai kasance da amfani ga ɗalibai (waɗanda yawancinsu ba masu rubuta lambobin kwamfuta (coders) ba ne, amma a cikin duniyar da ba ta da tsakiya (decentralized world), tabbas za su zama masu yanke shawara da kansu). Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard (Harvard Law School) ita ma wani muhimmin jigo ne ta hanyar shirya tattaunawar tebur mai zagaye, ayyukan bincike, da tarukan da ke tattaunawa kan tsare-tsaren shari'a da ake buƙata don makomar da ba ta da tsakiya. Ƙungiyar ɗaliban ma ba a bar su a baya ba, inda Harvard Blockchain Club ke gudanar da manyan taruka da ke tattaro manyan jagororin masana'antar.

Kuma Jami'ar Cornell tana da matsayi na musamman a tarihin blockchain, wataƙila tana alfahari da mafi tsauraran binciken kimiyyar kwamfuta a tsakanin jami'o'in Ivy League. Tana ɗaukar nauyin Initiative for Cryptocurrencies & Contracts (IC3), wani gagarumin haɗin gwiwa da ya haɗa da Cornell, amintattun Cornell Tech, da UC Berkeley da sauransu. IC3 ta wallafa wasu daga cikin ayyukan ilimi da aka fi yin nuni da su a wannan fanni, kuma ta jagoranci bincike mai zurfi kan tsaron kwangiloli masu basira (smart contracts) da yarjejeniyar amincewa (consensus protocols). A Cornell, darussan (waɗanda galibi majagaba a fannin kamar Ari Juels ke koyarwa) suna ba da zurfafa da kuma cikakkiyar fahimta game da kimiyyar da ke bayan kuɗaɗen intanet (cryptocurrencies) da kwangiloli masu basira. Tsarin karatun yana da tsauri kuma ya dace sosai da jami'a mai mayar da hankali kan bincike. A nan, ɗalibai galibi suna aiki a matakin koli na abin da zai yiwu ta fuskar lissafi a cikin yarjejeniyar amincewa da aka rarraba (distributed consensus).

Ma'aunin Princeton

Jami'ar Princeton ta cancanci ambato saboda tasirinta na gaba ɗaya a kan tsofaffin rubuce-rubucen wannan fanni. Darasinta, “Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies,” wataƙila shi ne kwas ɗin intanet (MOOC) da aka fi sani kan kuɗaɗen intanet, wanda ake samu ta hanyar Coursera.

Wannan darasi, tare da littafin da ke da suna iri ɗaya, an fassara shi zuwa harsuna da dama kuma ana amfani da shi a duk faɗin duniya a matsayin gabatarwa ga cryptocurrency ga masu koyo.

Jami'ar Princeton ta fi mayar da hankali ne kan muhimman ƙa'idodin fasahar, tana tabbatar da cewa ɗalibai sun fahimci dalilin da ya sa da kuma yadda Bitcoin yake aiki kafin su shiga cikin sarƙaƙƙiyar kwangiloli masu basira (smart contracts) irin na Ethereum. Wannan jaddada komawa ga tushen yana taimakawa wajen samar da ginshiƙin fahimta wanda galibi ba a samun sa a sansanonin horo (bootcamps) waɗanda ke tsunduma kai tsaye cikin tsarin rubuta lambobin kwamfuta (coding).

Fitattun jami'o'in Turai ko a'a! Oxford, Cambridge, Zurich da Nicosia

Taguwar ilimin blockchain ba ta tsaya a wuri guda ba (decentralized). Jami'ar Oxford da ke Burtaniya ta samar da darussa don yanayin ƙwararru na yanzu. Shirin “Oxford Blockchain Strategy Programme” ana bayar da shi ne ta makarantar kasuwanci ta jami'ar mai daraja, wato Saïd Business School, tare da haɗin gwiwar mai samar da ilimi ta yanar gizo GetSmarter. Shirin yana kauce wa shiga cikin cikakkun bayanai na fasaha kuma yana mayar da hankali kan hangen nesa na dabara game da yadda blockchain zai iya samar da ƙima da kuma haifar da sabbin abubuwa a cikin tsarin kasuwanci na yanzu. Manufar shirin ita ce sanar da shugabanni ko ya kamata su yi la'akari da amfani da fasahar blockchain, tare da ba su kayan aikin tantance yadda hakan zai iya shafar masana'antunsu koda kuwa su ba masana rubuta lambobin kwamfuta (coding) ba ne.

Kuma tafiyar sa'o'i kaɗan ne kawai zuwa wata babbar jami'ar, wato Jami'ar Cambridge. Cibiyar Cambridge don Madadin Kuɗi (Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance) tana da babban kima a duniya saboda bincikenta da ya dogara da bayanai (data). Tana fitar da Ma'aunin Amfani da Wutar Lantarki na Bitcoin na Cambridge (CBECI), ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin tantance tasirin da hakar ma'adinai (mining) ke da shi ga muhalli. Salon ilimi na Cambridge ya fi karkata ne kacokan kan bayanai.

Muna ba wa masana'antar hujjoji, domin mu sami damar yin tattaunawa mai zurfi game da tsari da dorewa.

Sannan idan aka sanya Burtaniya (UK) a ciki, Jami'ar University College of London (UCL) tana sa al'amura su kara ban sha'awa. Cibiyarta ta Fasahar Blockchain (CBT) ita ce mafi girma a irinta a duniya tare da daruruwan abokan bincike. UCL tana ba da fifiko sosai kan tsarin DLT da P2P kuma watakila tana yin gwaje-gwaje fiye da wasu sauran cibiyoyin.

Kasar Switzerland, wacce aka fi sani da “Crypto Valley,” ita ce inda ETH Zurich da Jami'ar Zurich — wacce ita ma daya ce daga cikin manyan cibiyoyi a wannan fanni — suke. ETH Zurich musamman shahararriyar cibiyar injiniya ce a duniya, kuma tabbas ta taka rawar gani sosai wajen haɓakawa da tsara dabarun fasahohin blockchain da dama. Sassan bincikensu suna mayar da hankali ne kan tsaro, Bugu da ƙari, Jami'ar Malta za ta kafa wata cibiyar horarwa ta musamman - digirin farko da ke da alaƙa da yanayin ƙa'idodin “Blockchain Island”.

Cibiyoyin Asiya: Singapore da Hong Kong

A Asiya, Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Singapore (NUS) ta kasance jagora, inda take amfani da matsayin ƙasar a matsayin babban birnin fasahar kuɗi (fintech) na duniya. NUS tana mayar da hankali ne kan haɗa blockchain da harkar kuɗi, tabbas tare da ba da fifiko sosai kan kasuwanci da aikace-aikacen fasaha na kasuwanci. A jami'ar, ɗalibai za su iya yin digiri na biyu (Master's) a fannin Fasahar Kuɗi ta Dijital, don haka blockchain wani muhimmin sashe ne na wannan karatun. Ɗalibanmu na NUS suna koyo ne a cikin yanayin da fasahar da ba ta da tsakiya (decentralized technology) ke shiga cikin harkokin banki da tsarin samar da kayayyaki, tare da kasuwannin kadarorin dijital, a nan ɗaya daga cikin tattalin arziƙi mafi kuzari a duniya. Jami'ar tana tuntuɓar Hukumar Kuɗi ta Singapore (Monetary Authority of Singapore) akai-akai domin shirin ya samar da ingantaccen ilimi da ya mayar da hankali kan ƙa'idodi na Asiya.

Jami'ar Hong Kong (HKU) ita ma ta ƙara kaimi da darussa yayin da birnin ke farfaɗo da matsayinsa na cibiyar crypto. HKU tana ba da darussan da suka haɗa harkar kuɗi, doka, da fasaha don horar da waɗanda suka kammala karatu don takamaiman yanayin ƙa'idodi na yankin. Suna sake mayar da hankali a dakunan bincikensu kan yadda tsarin blockchain daban-daban za su iya yin aiki tare (interoperability) da kuma ko za a iya amfani da kadarorin dijital don sabunta tsarin kuɗi na gargajiya.

Jagora: Jami'ar Duke da N.Y.U

Jami'ar Duke ta cancanci yabo saboda kasancewa ta farko da ta fara wannan fanni a tsakanin jami'o'in Amurka. Darasin da Farfesa Campbell Harvey ya samar, yana ɗaya daga cikin koyarwar jami'a na farko masu daraja a ƙasar kan wannan batu, kuma an fara shi ne a shekarar 2014. Tunanin Harvey shi ne kada a kalli blockchain a matsayin matsalar kimiyyar kwamfuta kawai, a'a, a matsayin sabuwar fasahar kuɗi da za ta iya sauya fasalin harkokin banki.

Ajinsa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin darussan zaɓi da aka fi nema a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Fuqua da ke Jami'ar Duke, wanda hakan ya zama shaida cewa akwai buƙata mai yawa daga ɗalibai game da wannan ilimin da ba a biya musu ba.

Akwai kuma wata shahararriyar makaranta mai suna Jami'ar New York (NYU) wadda ta kafa babban tarihi, musamman a fannin kasuwanci (Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Stern). An fara bayar da darussan farko kan kuɗaɗen intanet (digital currency) a shekara guda, kuma David Yermack ne ya koyar da su a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Stern da ke Jami'ar New York a matsayin ɓangare na shirin MBA; ya zuwa yau, fiye da ɗalibai 1,000 ne suka ɗauki darussan. Kasancewar NYU a babban birnin kuɗi na duniya ya ba ta damar samun baƙi masu jawabi daga Wall Street waɗanda a halin yanzu suke ƙoƙarin haɗa fasahar blockchain da tsarin kuɗi na gargajiya. Wannan hangen nesa na zahiri yana da muhimmanci ga ɗaliban da ke son shiga ɓangaren hukumomi na duniyar crypto.

Tsarin Karatun Gobe Mai Ci Gaba Akai-Akai

Saurin da fannin blockchain ke tafiya da shi ya sa wannan ya zama ƙalubale mai ban sha'awa ga fannin ilimi. Ba kamar tarihi ko lissafin calculus ba, inda ba a cika canza manyan littattafan karatu ba, tsarin karatun blockchain yana buƙatar garambawul kusan kowane zangon karatu. Tun daga ci gaba a tsarin cimma matsaya (consensus mechanisms) zuwa sarƙaƙƙiyar kayan aikin kuɗi da ake ƙirƙira a kan sarka (on-chain), ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire na tafiya cikin sauri mai ban tsoro. Wannan yana buƙatar makarantu su kasance masu saurin sauyawa da yanayi.

Jigogin da suka dace shekaru biyu da suka wuce ƙila ba za su yi ma'ana ba a yau. Fahimtar sarrafa albarkatu a kan hanyoyin sadarwa, kamar menene TRON Energy da Bandwidth da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da su yadda ya kamata, yana zama muhimmin ɓangare na cikakken ilimin blockchain. Fahimtar waɗannan albarkatun hanyar sadarwa na musamman yana da muhimmanci domin su ne ke da alhakin dorewa da tattalin arzikin aikace-aikacen da ba su da cibiyar iko (decentralized applications).

Dalibin da ya san Solidity amma bai san kudin gudanarwa na tattalin arziki a sarka-sarka (chains) daban-daban ba, iliminsa bai cika ba.

Lokacin da dalibai masu kammala karatu suka kammala karatunsu na jami'a, bukatar tsunduma cikin koyo na tsawon rayuwa tana kara girma ne kawai. Tunanin cewa kammala karatu yana nufin iliminka ya kare ya dade da gushewa, musamman a fanni mai saurin sauyawa kamar wannan.

Idan har ka riga ka kware a sana'arka, kasancewa da masaniya kan sabbin abubuwa yana da mahimmanci a gare ka kamar yadda yake ga dalibai. Ayyukan da suka fi hangen nesa a duniyar crypto sun fahimci wannan, kuma suna gina dandamalin su ne bisa nuna gaskiya da kuma ci gaba da ingantawa. Misali mai kyau shi ne salon cikakkun bayanan da sabbin dandamali ke samarwa. Misali, Netts tana sabunta jerin sauye-sauyen fasaharta (technical changelog) akai-akai, wanda yake da amfani sosai ga abokan cinikinta. Yana bayyana komai tun daga inganta API da sabbin mashigar bayanai