Ayyuka a Fannin Kripto - Mene ne Su?

Idan za ka sami mutane ɗari waɗanda shekarunsu suka haura hamsin ka gaya musu cewa akwai wani fanni na ayyukan yi da ke bunƙasa wanda ya ginu a kan "kuɗin intanet na sihiri," za ka tarar cewa mutane ɗarin da ka bayyana za su kalle ka ko dai cikin ruɗani, shakku, kuma wataƙila ma da ɗan damuwa game da lafiyar kwakwalwarka. Ganin yadda fasahar da ta fara ci gabanta a matsayin wani nau'in reshe na musamman na ilimin ɓoye saƙonni (cryptography) ta zama wani lamari na duniya wanda ke samar wa daruruwan dubban mutane aikin yi a yanzu, wani abin kallo ne mai ban mamaki a kansa.

Amma wannan ita ce duniyar da muke ciki a yanzu. Duk da cewa al'ummar crypto babu shakka ta duniya ce, tare da mambobi a kowace nahiya da kowane yanki na lokaci, ƙaruwar buƙatar fasahar blockchain ta haifar da wani tsarin ayyukan yi gaba ɗaya da suka shafi ci gabansu. Ya wuce batun cinikin yau da kullum (day trading) da fatan cewa kuɗin crypto zai yi tashin gwauron zabi ("to the moon").

Wannan duka wani ɓangare ne na masana'anta ta gaske, mai fuskoki da dama, kuma mai saurin bunƙasa wacce ke buƙatar injiniyoyi, marubuta, masu fasaha, lauyoyi, da masu gina al'umma. Wani sabon fage ne na dijital wanda ke tunatar da mu kwanakin farko na intanet, amma yanzu tare da tsarin kuɗi da aka gina a cikin lambobin kwamfuta (code). Abin da wannan duniyar take nufi a zahiri shi ne kallon abin da ya wuce yanayin yaudarar masu karatu (clickbait) na sauyin farashi da kuma fahimtar tsarin ɗan adam da ke sa komai tafiya yadda ya kamata. Akwai kuma ayyuka marasa adadi a cikin wannan fanni.

Ba wai kawai wani wurin gwaji ne na masana kimiyyar kwamfuta da masu ra'ayin 'yancin kai (libertarians) ba. Yayin da masana'antar ta balaga, buƙatun ayyukan crypto sun zama daban-daban kamar na kowace hukuma ko kamfani na gargajiya. HR, tallace-tallace (marketing), shari'a, tallafin abokan ciniki — dukkan sassa da ƙungiyoyi, kowannensu yana dacewa da tsari ɗaya, suna aiki a ƙarƙashin nasu nau'in ƙuntatawa da al'adu na musamman a cikin duniyar blockchain.

Domin fahimtar dalilin wadannan ayyuka, da kuma yadda suka samo asali; dole ne mu ɗan yi bayani kan yadda waɗannan kamfanoni — ko kuma ayyukan (projects), kamar yadda aka saba kiran su — suke ƙoƙarin ginawa tun farko.

Suna samar da tsare-tsare da ba su da cibiya guda (decentralized systems) waɗanda ke aiki sa'o'i 24/7, kayayyakin haɗa-haɗar kuɗi, da kuma al'ummomin dijital bisa wani tsari da ba shi da wani babban iko a tsakiya. Girman wannan buri yana haifar da ƙalubale na musamman waɗanda ƙwararrun ma'aikata ne kawai za su iya magance su.

Gidauniya — Masu Samar da Manhajoji da Injiniyoyi

Bari mu fara da wanda ya fi shahara kuma mai yiwuwa shi ne mafi muhimmanci — wato Mai Samar da Manhajojin Blockchain (Blockchain Developer). Masu ƙera wannan sabuwar duniyar dijital. Lokacin da Bitcoin yake sabo, babu wani zaɓi, kuma masu sa kai ko waɗanda ba ƙwararru ba ne kawai suke bayar da lokacinsu da basirarsu don ƙera shi da inganta shi. Amma zuwan Ethereum ya zo da ra'ayin "smart contracts" — wato lambobin kwamfuta (codes) masu aiwatar da kansu waɗanda ke a cikin blockchain — hakan ya haifar da ƙaruwar buƙatar masu samar da manhajoji da za su iya rubuta waɗannan lambobin. Saboda haka, shafin yanar gizo ba shafi ne kawai ga mai samar da manhajar blockchain ba; ra'ayoyi ne na tsarin haɗa-haɗar kuɗi! Lambobin da suke rubutawa darajarsu ta kai miliyoyin ko ma biliyoyin daloli. Idan mai samar da shafin yanar gizo na yau da kullum ya yi kuskure, misali, shafin na iya ɓacewa na tsawon sa'a guda. Masu samar da manhajojin blockchain za su iya yin asarar miliyoyin daloli a ƙifawar ido, idan suka yi kuskure a cikin smart contract.

Kuma wannan yanayi mai cike da matsin lamba yana buƙatar mutane na musamman. Waɗannan ayyuka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa mai zurfi. Sanin harsunan kwamfuta kamar Solidity (na hanyar sadarwa ta Ethereum da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa masu kama da ita) ko Rust (na hanyar sadarwa ta Solana da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa) ya zama dole. Amma fiye da fahimtar tsarin rubuta lambobin (syntax), waɗannan masu samar da manhajoji suna buƙatar zurfin sani game da ilimin ɓoye bayanai (cryptography), ƙa'idar wasanni (game theory), da kuma hanyoyin ƙarfafa tattalin arziki (economic incentives). Dole ne su kasance masu lura da kowane ɗaki-ɗaki, masu tsananin fargaba game da tsaro, kuma masu iya tunani kamar maƙiyi, koyaushe suna tambayar kansu — ta yaya za a iya kutse a nan?

Sana'a ce mai kyau ga wanda yake son matsalolin dabarun lissafi masu sarkakiya da wahalar fahimta, kuma yake iya jure matsanancin damuwa na rubuta lambobin kwamfuta (code) da ba sa canzawa — lambobin da, da zarar an tura su, kusan ba zai yiwu a gyara su ba. Wani sabon nau'in injiniyoyin dijital ya bayyana, kuma kamar kowane abu, asarar gazawa tana da girma sosai a wannan sana'a har ta kai ga tana daya daga cikin ayyukan da aka fi biya mafi tsadar albashi a duniyar fasaha.

Wannan sabuwar duniyar "Web3" na iya zama mai ban tsoro (musamman ga masu samar da manhajoji da suka fito daga fasahar "Web2" ta gargajiya), kuma yana daukar lokaci kafin mutum ya fahimci komai. Ba wai kawai suna koyon sabon tsarin rubuta lambobin kwamfuta (syntax) ba ne, har ma da wani sabon tsarin tunani inda albarkatu suke da karanci kuma kowane mataki yana bukatar kudi (gas). Kullum suna cikin muhallan samar da manhajoji na musamman kamar Remix ko Hardhat, suna kwaikwayon hanyoyin sadarwa (networks), suna gwada mu'amala da za ta yi tsada sosai idan aka gwada ta a babban hanyar sadarwa (main net).

Suna kuma bukatar su kware wajen yin mu'amala da "oracles" (ayyukan da ke shigar da bayanan zahiri (off-chain) cikin blockchain) da kuma sanin yadda za su bi ta cikin sarkakiyar yadda blockchains daban-daban suke tattaunawa da juna. Kana koyo a kullum, saboda fasahar tana canzawa cikin sauri sosai. Abubuwan da ka gina watanni shida da suka gabata yanzu sun daina aiki ko kuma ba su da tsaro. Wannan canjin da ba ya karewa shi ne yake sa aikin ya kasance mai ban sha'awa ga mutane da yawa, amma kuma yana nufin cewa yawan gajiya da damuwa (burnout) suna da yawa sosai. Mafi kyawun masu samar da manhajoji a wannan fanni su ne wadanda suka yi imani da gaske da tsarin raba iko (decentralization) kuma suke kallon lambobin kwamfutarsu a matsayin ginshikin tsarin kudi mafi budewa.

Al'umma da Tsari (Design)

Rubuta lambobin kwamfuta (code) rabin yakin ne kawai. Wani aikin crypto ba zai iya wanzuwa ba tare da masu amfani ba, kuma wannan ya kai mu ga abin da za a iya cewa shi ne sana'a mafi ban mamaki kuma gama-gari a masana'antar: Manajan Al'umma (Community Manager). A duniyar kasuwanci ta yau da kullun, za ka sami layin sabis na abokan ciniki ko manajan kafofin sada zumunta.

A harkar crypto, akwai wani matsayi da ake kira Community Manager, wanda a zahiri mutum ne da ke rayuwa a cikin tashoshin Discord da Telegram a matsayin tsani tsakanin mai haɓaka (developer) da mai saka jari (investor). Dalilin da ya sa wannan matsayin ya wanzu shi ne saboda yawancin ayyukan crypto mallakin al'umma ne ko kuma aƙalla al'umma ce ke tafiyar da su. Waɗanda suka zuba jari a wannan tsarin na kamfanoni masu tasowa ba masu hannun jari ne kawai da ke zama ba tare da yin komai ba; su masu jefa ƙuri'a ne masu ƙwazo a kan shawarwari, tattaunawar dabarun aiki, kuma masu sukar lamiri ne sosai idan farashi ya faɗi.

A harkar Crypto, Community Manager kashi 25% jami'in diflomasiyya ne, kashi 25% mai kwantar da hankali, kashi 25% mai ƙarfafa gwiwa, sannan kashi 25% mai ba da tallafin fasaha. Kasuwar crypto a buɗe take sa'o'i 24 a kowace rana, wanda ke nufin dole ne su kasance a shirye don abokan ciniki a kowane lokaci. Ya kamata su iya fahimtar cikakkun bayanan fasaha na aikin don bayyana su ga wanda ba masani ba, amma kuma ya kamata su kasance da dabarun hulɗa da mutane don kwantar da "FUD" lokacin da kasuwa take ja. Yawancin lokaci wannan shi ne aiki na farko ga mutane da dama a wannan masana'antar. Ba wai kawai yana buƙatar lokaci da juriya ba, har ma yana buƙatar babban matakin basirar fahimtar yanayin ɗan adam (emotional intelligence). Mutumin da ya dace shi ne wanda yake son mu'amala da mutane, mai yawan magana, da kuma wanda ke jin daɗin yanayin zamantakewa mai saurin gaske wani lokacin ma mai cike da hargitsi. Kwarewar harsuna daban-daban babban fa'ida ce a nan; domin crypto a asali harka ce ta duniya baki ɗaya.

Kada mu manta da masu fasaha. Tare da haɓakar NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) da "Metaverse", an sami gagarumin buƙatar masu fasahar NFT da masu zanen 3D.

Haɗa wannan da gaskiyar cewa akwai buƙata mai yawa ta Masu Tsara UI/UX (User Interface/User Experience) koda a wajen fannin fasaha, kuma a baya manhajojin Crypto sun kasance marasa kyau, masu wahalar amfani, da kuma ban tsoro; A dā, wannan yana nufin kwafi da liƙa jerin haruffa da lambobi bazuwar waɗanda suke kama da kalmomin Latin, tare da fatan ba ka yi kuskuren rubutu ba a wani waje, sannan ka kammala tura kuɗin.

Domin jawo "biliyan na gaba na masu amfani," ana ɗaukar masu tsara fasali yanzu don su sa waɗannan sarƙaƙƙun tsarin su bayyana kuma su yi aiki kamar kyawawan manhajojin da muke amfani da su a yau. Akwai ƙalubale na musamman da ke tattare da kasancewa mai tsara UI/UX a duniyar crypto. Idan tsarin bai ba ni damar dawo da kalmar sirri (password) ba fa? Ta yaya za ka tsara tsarin "Manta Kalmar Sirri" (Forgot Password)? Idan wani yana son ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan tattarawa na dijital (digital collectibles), ta yaya za ka bayyana masa "gas fees"? Wannan yana buƙatar matuƙar tausayawa da kuma fasahar sauƙaƙa sarƙaƙƙiya ba tare da rage darajar bayanin ba. Yana buƙatar masu tunani ta hanyar hoto, malamai, da kuma zakarun ƙwarewar masu amfani (user-experience champions). A cikin wannan fanni mai cike da fasaha da sarƙaƙƙiya, ƙwararrun masu tsara fasali suna haɗa gibi tsakanin abin da tsarin backend yake buƙata, da kuma abin da kaka take buƙata don siyan BTC dinta na farko. Su ne masu fassara na duniyar gani, suna canza hex hashes zuwa alamun kore masu sauƙin fahimta.

Masu Tsaron Daraja: Tsaro da Shari'a

Masu binciken Smart Contract dangi ne na kusa da masu haɓaka manhaja (developers). Idan masu haɓaka manhaja su ne magina, to masu bincike su ne masu duba lafiya da tsaro. Wannan matsayi ya samo asali ne sakamakon "abin kunyar" kutse (hacks) da aka yi wa crypto a farkon farawa. Dukanmu mun ji labaran ayyukan da suka rasa komai saboda layi ɗaya na lamba (code) mara kyau a shekarar 2016 da 2017. Binciken ya zama wajibi yayin da masana'antar ta zama ta ƙwararru. Babu wani kyakkyawan aiki a yau da ake ƙaddamarwa ba tare da wani nau'i na amincewar mai bincike (auditor) ba.

Waɗannan ƙwararrun suna ɓata kwanakinsu wajen fargaba da bincika lambobin (code) wasu mutane don neman rauni, kura-kuran tsari, da hanyoyin da za a iya yin kutse.

Aiki ne da ke bukatar cikakken sani game da hare-haren kutse (hacks) na baya, tare da kaifin tunani wajen fito da sabbin hanyoyin lalata abubuwa. Yana jan hankalin masu son kammala aiki ba tare da kuskure ba, masu fasa tsaro, da kuma wadanda ke jin dadin zakulo kananan matsaloli (kamar gano allura a cikin ciyawa) don taba kowa. A cikin wannan fage akwai masu kutse na "White Hat", masu binciken tsaro masu zaman kansu wadanda ke aiki don gano kura-kurai (bugs) domin samun lada (bounty). A yanzu akwai dandamali na musamman da aka tsara don saukaka kasuwancin wadannan binciken ta hanyar hada masu kutse masu kishin kasa da ayyukan da za su biya su, wanda hakan ke gina halattacciyar kasuwar tsaro don yin gogayya da haramtacciyar kasuwar amfani da raunin tsarin (exploits).

Tare da yadda masana'antar ta bunkasa daga gefe zuwa babban fage, wadannan ayyuka sun zama masu muhimmanci — Mashawarcin Shari'a na Crypto da Jami'in Bin Dokoki (Compliance Officer). A zamanin "Wild West", bin doka ba shi da wani amfani. Amma yanzu da gwamnatoci a fadin duniya ke sanya idon basira kan kadarorin dijital, bin dokoki ya zama lamari na rayuwa ko mutuwa. Wadannan kwararru ne a tsakanin gogaggun shugabannin dokokin kudi na kasa da kasa.

Suna koyon yadda ake kaddamar da token ba tare da karya dokokin hannun jari (securities laws) na Amurka ba, yadda ake gudanar da binciken KYC ba tare da tsorata masu amfani da ke son sirri sosai ba, da kuma yadda ake tsara DAO ta yadda mambobinta ba za su fuskanci shari'a ba. Yana jan hankalin lauyoyin gargajiya wadanda suka gaji da tafiyar hawainiya ta dokokin kamfanoni kuma suke son yin aiki a sahun gaba na ka'idojin shari'a. Yana bukatar karatu mai yawa, da fassara dokokin da aka rubuta shekaru tamanin da suka gabata game da fasahar da aka kirkira jiya. Aiki ne na mai kare kirkire-kirkire wanda ke mai da hankali kan kananan bayanai, mai kiyaye kasada, kuma gwani wajen magana. Su ne garkuwar masu kera manhajoji (developers) daga masu sanya dokoki (regulators).

A karshe, akwai masu tsara tsarin tattalin arzikin token (tokenomics designers). Wannan wani matsayi ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ba zai taba kasancewa ba a mafi yawancin shekaru goman da suka gabata. Tokenomics ita ce tsarin tattalin arzikin token na crypto — yadda ake fitar da waɗannan token ɗin, yadda ake raba su, yadda suke samar da kima, da kuma yadda suke kauce wa hauhawar farashi. Don haka, Mai Tsara Tokenomics (Tokenomics Designer) a zahiri babban banki ne na ƙaramin tattalin arziki. Su ne ke ayyana manufofin kuɗi na sabuwar ƙasa ta dijital.

Me ya sa wannan ya kasance? Domin yawancin ayyukan farko sun ruguje sakamakon raunin tsarin tattalin arziki, buga token fiye da kima, ko rashin ba masu amfani kwarin gwiwar riƙe su. Wannan matsayi yana buƙatar ingantaccen tushe a fannin tattalin arziki, lissafi, da kuma ka'idar wasanni (game theory). Ba za ka iya ci gaba da dogara ga tunanin zuciya kawai ba, dole ne ka koyi game da jadawalin samarwa da buƙata (supply and demand curves), tsarin kwarin gwiwa, da kuma ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Misalin tsarin yanayi daga Mai Tsara Tokenomics: "Idan muka ba masu amfani ribar kashi 10%, shin za su sayar ne ko za su riƙe? Me zai faru idan farashin ya faɗi ƙasa?" Wannan aiki ne na masu dabarun tsari da masu ƙirar tsari — mutanen da suka ƙware a kan spreadsheet da tsare-tsare masu sarƙaƙiya. Su ne ya kamata su tabbatar da cewa aikin zai dore na tsawon shekaru, ba wai abin da yake nan yau gobe ya bace ba.

Sauyi na Duniya a Fannin Aikin Yi

To, mene ne ma'anar wannan duka ga duniya? Abu ne mai sauƙi a kalli hamshaƙan attajirai masu ban mamaki kamar Vitalik Buterin sannan a ce crypto kawai hanyar tura kuɗi ce ga yara masu hazaka. Kuma ko da yake wannan wani ɓangare ne na labarin, ba shi ne duka labarin ba. Irin waɗannan ayyukan suna tabbatar da ikon biyan buƙatun yau da kullum har ma da samar da sana'o'i ga mutane na gari, mutanen da watakila suke zaune a ƙasashen da kuɗaɗensu ke fuskantar rugujewa ko kuma mutanen da ba su dace da tsarin aikin ofis na safe zuwa yamma ba. Misali: Marubuci da ke zaune a Najeriya, yana rubutu ga wata DAO a New York zai iya samun albashi daidai da na duniya. Misali, mai kula da tattaunawa (moderator) ɗan ƙasar Philippines zai iya samun abin dogaro da kai ta hanyar tafiyar da al'umma ga wani protocol da ke Landan.

Wannan yana nuna raba aiki da wurin zama.

A fannin fasaha na gargajiya, aiki daga nesa (remote work) sau da yawa ba haka yake ba a zahiri, domin har yanzu kana bukatar kasancewa a wani yankin lokaci (timezone) ko ma samun bizar aiki, sabanin aikin crypto. Ana biyan ka da stablecoins (dala na crypto) wadanda ke shiga cikin walat dinka nan take, tare da kauce wa tsarin banki mai jinkiri da tsada. Wannan yana nufin wani sabon mataki na damar tattalin arziki ba tare da bukatar izini ba ga duniya. Ba dukkanmu ba ne za mu iya samun digiri a manyan makarantun Ivy League, amma kowa zai iya koyon Solidity kuma ya rubuta smart contracts. Manajan al'umma (community manager) sana'a ce da ba ka bukatar izinin aiki dominta. Hakki kawai shi ne ka nuna cewa kana da ikon gudanar da aikin. Ba wa talakawa damar biyan bukatunsu na yau da kullum, yin tanadi don ritaya, da kuma shiga cikin kasuwar duniya mai kowa-da-kowa wadda a baya ba su da damar shiga.

Albarkatu da Kudin Gudanarwa

Amma wannan tattalin arzikin ma ya dogara ne kan albarkatu. Gas ga blockchain kamar yadda fetur yake ga mota — mota tana bukatar fetur don motsawa, haka ma blockchain yana bukatar makamashi (energy) don gudanar da hada-hada. Ga mai yawan amfani da tsarin, sarrafa wadannan kudaden wani bangare ne na aikin. Yanzu haka kwararrun yan kasuwa da kamfanoni koyaushe suna neman hanyoyin rage kudaden gudanarwa, don haka a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta TRON an samar da wata babbar kasuwa inda mutum zai iya siyan TRON Energy don kawar da kudaden hada-hada. A lokaci guda, maimakon kona tokens ga kowane tura kudi, masu amfani za su iya amfani da TRON Energy mai rahusa ta hanyar kasuwannin haya. Shawarwari game da wannan sarrafa albarkatu sun zama kamar wani karamin aiki ga manajojin gudanarwa da yawa. Balaga da ci gaban wannan masana'anta yana bayyana ne ta hanyar kwarewar wadannan kasuwannin albarkatu.

Ba sauran harkalla ba ce a boye, amma harka ce ta hanyar ingantattun dandamali wadanda ke tabbatar da inganci.

Wani muhimmin al'amari da har yanzu yake buƙatar kulawa a tsakanin masu amfani shi ne cewa lokacin da suke son yin mu'amala, suna neman hanyoyin samun Makamashin TRON (TRON Energy) da Bandwidth, wanda hakan ke tabbatar da amincin da ake da shi a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta TRON. Duniyar crypto tana da sarkakiya, kuma a nan ne ɓangaren ayyuka na crypto ke taka rawa, wajen sassauta waɗannan matsalolin domin samun kyakkyawar mu'amala da blockchain. Wannan yana nufin cewa kasuwar, da kuma fasahar, sun sauya daga matakin "gwaji" zuwa na "masana'antu," inda adana kuɗi da hanzarta ayyuka su ne abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci.

Domin tabbatar da inganci tare da ƙarancin amfani da albarkatu, ayyuka kamar Netts sun ɓulla don sauƙaƙa wannan tsari ta hanyar Kasuwar Makamashin TRON (TRON Energy Market) tasu. Tana samar da tsarin tattara bayanai na lokaci-lokaci wanda ke kwatanta farashi daga sama da masu samarwa 20 domin samo mafi ƙarancin farashin kasuwa da masu amfani ke buƙata ta hanyar ingantaccen sabis na kwatanta farashi tsakanin masu amfani. Ba wai kawai cibiyar samar da liquidity ba ce, inda farashin asali galibi yake kusan sun 37 — wanda ke nufin rangwamen har kashi 83% idan aka kwatanta da farashin hukuma — kuma yawan ciniki na sa'o'i 24 ya haura biliyan 495; tana samar da mafita ta gaggawa kuma tabbatacciya ga 'yan kasuwa da masu haɓaka fasaha (developers) don rage kuɗaɗen gudanar da mu'amalarsu.