---
title: "Tattara Masu Tabbatarwa a Wuri Guda: Kafa Ƙungiyar Asiri Ce ke Shiryuwa?"
description: "Ƙungiyoyi huɗu ne ke riƙe da kashi 51% na duk wani Ethereum da aka yi wa staking, magina tubali biyu ne ke haifar da kashi 80% na tubalan ta — duba na tsanaki kan wanda a ainihi ke yanke shawarar abin da ke shiga kan chain."
language: ha
published: 2026-06-02
author: Netts
topic: "Insights"
canonical: https://netts.io/blog/validator-centralization-cartel-in-the-making?lang=ha
languages: [en, ru, es, zh, th, fr, uk, tr, hi, fa, ar, ha, pt, vi, ko, ja, id, de, tl]
translation_outdated: false
---
# Tattara Masu Tabbatarwa a Wuri Guda: Kafa Ƙungiyar Asiri Ce ke Shiryuwa?

Ƙungiyoyi huɗu ne ke riƙe da kashi 51% na duk wani Ethereum da aka yi wa staking, magina tubali biyu ne ke haifar da kashi 80% na tubalan ta — duba na tsanaki kan wanda a ainihi ke yanke shawarar abin da ke shiga kan chain.

Ya fara ne, kamar yadda yawancin muhimman abubuwa a fannin fasaha ke farawa, tare da tsirarun mutane a cikin ɗaki waɗanda ke da cikakken yaƙinin cewa duk abin da ke faruwa a wani wuri ba daidai ba ne sam. Shekarar ita ce 1992. Taro a yankin San Francisco Bay tsakanin Tim May, Eric Hughes da John Gilmore ya haɗu ya zama abin da aka sani da Cypherpunks. Manufar kafa ƙungiyar a zahiri an riga an bayyana ta tun da daɗewa, a cikin Crypto Anarchist Manifesto na Tim May, wanda aka rubuta a 1988 kuma yana yawo a tarurruka kafin kowa ya sami ingantaccen tsarin da zai haɗa da waɗancan dabarun. May ya yi iƙirarin cewa duk da abin da duk wata hukuma mai cikakken iko za ta so, ingantaccen tsarin ɓoye bayanan sirri (cryptography) zai ba mutane damar yin mu'amala, sadarwa da tsara al'amura ta hanyar da ta wuce ƙarfin kowace hukuma ta tsakiya har ta san da ita balle a yi mata haraji ko tsara mata dokoki. Ba wai a nan gaba ba. Lallai ne hakan zai faru.

![Tattara Masu Tabbatarwa a Wuri Guda: Kafa Ƙungiyar Asiri Ce ke Shiryuwa?](https://netts.io/blog/images/body/bf97d6bc0c25c046394fe7274dfeacc2a73cdbf4-1114.webp)

Cypherpunks ba su rubuta takardun ilimi ba suna jiran bita daga sauran masana. Sun rubuta code ne. Kuma a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa, duk abin da wannan jerin aika saƙon imel ke yi shine samar da Hashcash ta hannun Adam Back (a hoton), b-money na Wei Dai — Bit Gold na Nick Szabo, kowanne tubali ne a cikin tsarin da za a iya soke wanda har yanzu ba a gina shi ba. A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto ya aika da imel zuwa jerin aika saƙon cryptography da ya samo asali daga cypherpunks tare da taken "Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper. Takaddun shafuka tara masu zuwa sun shimfiɗa manufarsa a fili sosai: gina tsarin biyan kuɗi ba tare da buƙatar wani amintaccen ɓangare na uku ba. Wannan shine babban burin cypherpunk, kuma ya yi aiki a aikace.

A tushensa, mafarkin ba ma batun kuɗi bane a ainihi. Wannan ba batun wani irin yanke shawara bane da kowace ƙungiya ɗaya za ta iya yanke wa sauran. Babu kwamitin daraktoci. Babu babban banki. Babu ma'aikatar gwamnati da ke da ikon yanke shawara a hannunta game da waɗanne hada-hadar kuɗi ne suka koma daga masu kyau zuwa marasa kyau. Zai yi aiki ne bisa ƙa'idodin da kowa zai iya tabbatarwa, kuma babu wanda zai iya canza su a asirce. Yarjejeniya ta bai ɗaya (consensus), ba umarni ba.

Yanzu, wannan hangen nesa yana fuskantar matsin lamba na tsari — ba daga harin waje ba, amma daga ƙarfin jan hankali na tattalin arziki da ba a iya kaucewa wanda ke karkata zuwa ga tattara iko a wuri guda. Wannan ba barazana ce da ke sanar da kanta ba. Tana taruwa ne daidai a matakin tsarin da yawancin mutane ba za su taɓa ba shi kulawa sosai ba: masu tabbatarwa (validators).

## Wane ne ke Samun Ikon Yanke Shawara kan Abin da Ke Shiga Kan Chain

Wannan ma'ana ce mai sauƙi, tsafta kuma mai aiki ta validator: validators suna tabbatar da hada-hadar kuɗi don bin ƙa'idodin hanyar sadarwa (network), duba sa hannun cryptography, tabbatar da cewa mai aikawa yana da isassun kuɗi da kuma ƙara ingantattun hada-hadar kuɗi zuwa blockchain. Suna aiwatar da duk ƙa'idodin iri ɗaya, daidai-wa-daida — ba tare da nuna son kai ga wata ƙungiya a kan wata ba.

Mabuɗin shine "bin dokokin network." Saboda tambaya ta gaba da ta dace — wadda aka share a cikin bayanin fasaha — ita ce dokokin waye a ainihi, kuma me ke faruwa lokacin da aka canza su a hankali a kan lokaci?

A cikin tsarin proof-of-stake kamar Ethereum, ana zaɓar validators ne bisa ga adadin stake ɗin su. Ƙarin stake na nufin ƙarin ƙuri'u ga abin da ke wucewa a matsayin tubalan bayanai (blocks). Idan ka yi jayayya kan tattara ikon da waɗannan tsare-tsare suka haifar ga wani wanda ya gina su a 2008 da sun firgita sosai. Tun daga ƙarshen 2025, Lido, wata hanyar liquid-staking tana da iko kan kusan 27.7% na jimillar adadin Ethereum da aka yi wa staking. Coinbase na riƙe da 8.4%. Binance na riƙe da 6.4%. Nakamoto coefficient na Ethereum staking — mafi ƙarancin adadin, to, abubuwan da za su haɗa baki don samun ikon kashi 51% na yarjejeniyar bai ɗaya — ya kasance huɗu. Wata hanyar sadarwa (network) da ya kamata ta kasance gaba ɗaya ba ta buƙatar amincewa (trustless) a zahiri tana ƙarƙashin ikon ƙungiyoyin staking pools guda huɗu ne kawai.

![Tattara Masu Tabbatarwa a Wuri Guda: Kafa Ƙungiyar Asiri Ce ke Shiryuwa?](https://netts.io/blog/images/body/5e1fd708fff82f02be823c647b65c7673bdc1fb2-1027.webp)

Gini coefficient na manyan walat 10,000 na Ethereum a rarraba dukiya ya auna sama da 84.57% — ya fi sabon ma'aunin rashin daidaito na Afirka ta Kudu girma, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar zama ɗaya daga cikin rarraba dukiya mafi rashin daidaito a duniya.

Abin da ke sa wannan ya zama mai haɗari ba adadin 'yan wasan da ke da iko bane amma ainihin wurin da matsin lamba na waje zai iya shafa. Hukumomin leƙen asiri da manyan cibiyoyi ba su taɓa buƙatar ɓata tsari daga tushe ba. Ba sa zuwa wurin 'yan sandan gida — suna zuwa wurin manyan janar-janar ne. Suna fuskantar 'yan siyasa ne, ba masu zaɓe ba. Wannan tunani ɗaya ya shafi kowace network wanda a ciki ƙananan cibiyoyi masu kuɗi sosai, waɗanda aka kafa bisa doka, kuma ake iya samun su a wurare da aka sani su ne masu mallakar mafi yawan ikon consensus. Babu buƙatar lalata validators miliyan guda. Je kawai ga cibiyoyi biyar ko shida waɗanda ke riƙe da madafun nasara, waɗanda ke da sassan bin doka (compliance) da lauyoyi da lasisin da za ka iya yi musu barazana. Wasiƙa ɗaya kawai zuwa ga babban lauya (GC) da ya dace, sai kwatsam, janar-janar su fara yanke shawarwarin da ke shafar kowane block da network ɗin ke samarwa.

![Tattara Masu Tabbatarwa a Wuri Guda: Kafa Ƙungiyar Asiri Ce ke Shiryuwa?](https://netts.io/blog/images/body/e69714602c42f39cd4b75f19c4b96dd0e7d79abf-1121.webp)

Tsirarun ƙwararrun masu gina blocks an tsara su ne don haɗa hada-hadar kuɗi daban-daban, zaɓar waɗanda za a gina a cikin block, da kuma inganta ƙimar da za a iya cirewa (extractable value) kafin miƙa sakamakon ƙarshe ga validators domin gabatarwa. Tsarin wannan tsari an yi shi ne don haɓaka hakar MEV mai inganci. Wannan ya bar wani mummunan tasiri na gefe wanda babu wanda ya yi kuka a kansa a fili sosai: Ya takaita ikon haɗa hada-hadar kuɗi zuwa ga ƙalilan ɗin kamfanoni.

Wannan ba tunanin ƙagaggen labari (conspiracy theory) bane. Ya riga ya faru. Duk wannan ya faru ne a kan lokacin da aka rubuta, wanda za a iya aunawa a bayyane a kan blockchain tare da alamun lokaci (timestamps).

## Karkatar da Dokoki: Yadda Binciken Takunkumi (Censorship) Ya Kasance Yana Faruwa a Koyaushe

Ma'aikatar Baitulmalin Amurka ta sanya takunkumi a kan Tornado Cash, wani na'urar haɗa bayanan sirri (privacy mixer) da ke kan Ethereum a watan Agusta 2022. OFAC ta yi amfani da jerin sunayen 'Yan Ƙasa da Aka Ware na Musamman (Specially Designated Nationals) — wanda aka saba amfani da shi don sanya takunkumi kan masu fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da masu kutse da jihohi ke ɗaukar nauyinsu — zuwa adiresoshin smart contract ɗinsa tare da umartar mutanen/cibiyoyin Amurka da kada su yi mu'amala da su.

Ɗaya daga cikin ainihin halayen da aka ajiye, na code na blockchain da ba a iya sauyawa shi ne cewa waɗannan smart contracts ɗin da kansu ba za a iya share su kawai ba. Tambayar da ba ta da alaƙa ko da yake (wacce za ta tantance ko duk wata hada-hadar kuɗi da ke mu'amala da waɗancan kwangilolin za ta ƙare a kan chain) ta zama abin tattaunawa cikin mamaki.

A wannan lokacin, Ethereum ya riga ya raba aikin gina blocks daga aikin gabatar da su ta hanyar tsarin Proposer-Builder Separation — PBS.

A watan Agusta 2023 kotuna sun yanke hukuncin cewa OFAC tana sanya takunkumi a kan smart contracts, martani ga kasuwar magina ya zo kusan nan da nan. A cikin gagarumin sauyi daga kashi 80% na duk blocks na Ethereum da ba su haɗa da hada-hadar Tornado Cash a baya ba, yanzu ya faɗi zuwa kashi 9% kawai. Wani binciken da Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon ta ruwaito ya nuna cewa kafin wannan hukuncin kotu, an riga an sami kashi 46% na duk tubalan Ethereum da aka samar a watan Nuwamba 2022 sun fito ne daga ɓangarorin da suke son bin takunkumin OFAC. A zahiri, a lokacin da abin ya kai ƙololuwa kusan 51% na duk blocks na Ethereum a cikin awanni 24 an ce sun ƙi karɓar hada-hadar da ba ta dace da OFAC ba. "Gaskiyar cewa mun kai kashi 51 cikin ɗari na tubalan da ke cire hada-hadar OFAC tabbas wani babban lokaci ne mai muhimmanci," in ji Shugaba na bloXroute Labs.

A yanayin hada-hadar kuɗi da aka toshe (censored), wannan ba abu bane na zato kawai. Matsakaicin jinkirin haɗawa na hada-hadar da aka sanya wa takunkumi ya kusan ninkawa sau biyu bayan PBS, binciken ilimi ya nuna hakan — daƙiƙa 15.8 (Agusta '22) -> daƙiƙa 29.3 (Nuwamba '22), hada-hadar da ba a toshe ba a cikin tubalan iri ɗaya sun kai matsakaicin daƙiƙa ~8.7 kawai. Hada-hadar kuɗi da aka jinkirta da wannan adadin lokaci amma duk da haka suna buƙatar faruwa saboda yanayin tattalin arziki a yawancin protocols na DeFi, kamar samar da riba mai sauri (arbitrage), sayar da jingina don biyan bashi & sabuntawar farashin oracle, a zahiri suna wakiltar cutarwa ga tattalin arziki. Protocols da suka zama dole su daidaita matsayi ko sarrafa sabuntawar farashi — kuma hakan ya sa suka haɗu da adireshin da OFAC ta yi wa alama — sun ga hada-hadar kuɗinsu ta tsaya a cikin tsarin inda wasu buƙatun ke wuce juna a hankali, saboda wasu ba su kai sauran zama daidai ba.

Wannan ya ƙara tsananta ta hanyar yanayin harin ƙurar kuɗi (dust attack) da aka rubuta a cikin binciken baya. Yin amfani da 12 ETH masu bincike sun gano miyagun mutane sun sami damar "ɓata" aƙalla 9 miliyan ETH — daga waɗanda abin ya shafa ta hanyar ajiye ƙananan adadin da aka aika daga adiresoshin da aka sanya wa takunkumi zuwa walat ɗin da ba su da alaƙa. Kuɗin da aka sanya wa takunkumi sun shiga adiresoshin da ba su da laifi ba tare da izininsu ba kuma aiki don bin takunkumi a dandamalin da ke bin doka na iya nufin rage muhimmanci ko toshe hada-hadar kuɗi gaba ɗaya daga waɗancan walat ɗin — wani abu da shafin gaba na Aave ya rubuta kansa yana yi a matsayin misali na ainihi. Ɓatawar ba da son rai ba ce. Sakamakon kuma ba haka yake ba.

Ko a fannin tattara ikon magina tubali (block builders) kawai, ya zama a sarari kafin a shiga batun toshewa. A ƙarshen 2024, fiye da 80% — kuma a wasu lokutan sama da 95% — na duk tubalan Ethereum an gina su ne ta hanyar cibiyoyi biyu kawai. Don tsarin da ya kasance, a zahiri, bayar da gaba ɗayan matakin sarrafa hada-hadar kuɗi na blockchain na biyu mafi girma a duniya ga ƙungiyoyi biyu da ba a amince da su ba (nonconsensual-duopoly). Duk tura USDT da kiran smart contract na hada-hadar DeFi a kan Ethereum sun bi ta cikin irin wannan tsarin da waɗannan kamfanoni biyu ke amfani da shi. Ba a ka'ida ba. A aikace, ta kowane block.

## Tsarin Hukunci da Mutanen da Ke Jimre da Shi

Masu tabbatarwa (validators) da suka kauce wa ƙa'idodin hanyar sadarwa za su sami ainihin tsarin hukunci mai aiki da kansa ta hanyar lissafi (wanda aka auna shi gwargwadon kuskure). Wannan da gangan aka tsara shi — rashin ɗa'a ya kamata ya zama mai tsada — amma yana haifar da tsarin ƙarfafa gwiwa wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin da ke haifar da damuwa; haɗe da matsalar tattara iko a wuri guda, wannan na iya zama mai ɗaga hankali sosai.

![Tattara Masu Tabbatarwa a Wuri Guda: Kafa Ƙungiyar Asiri Ce ke Shiryuwa?](https://netts.io/blog/images/body/513c97060b802941bc60f7f6c94f226a090b459d-908.webp)

Slashing shine hanya mafi tsanani ta hukunci. Validator da aka kora saboda gabatar da tubalan da ke gogayya ko sanya hannu kan shaidun da ke cin karo da juna ana kwashe 1/32nd (3.125%) na ma'aunin kuɗinsa nan take kuma a bar shi ya fita daga network ba tare da son ransa ba bayan ~kwanaki 36. A rana ta 18 na wannan lokacin fita, za ka fuskanci hukuncin alaƙa (correlation penalty) dangane da sauran waɗanda aka yi wa slashing a cikin lokacin da ya wuce daidai da yawan validators ɗin da aka cire ta hanyar ƙarfafa mummunan hali. Misali, farashin keɓancewa saboda abin da ya shafi slashing guda ɗaya kusan 1 ETH ne. Bugu da ƙari, idan an yi wa babban adadin validators slashing a lokaci guda, hukuncin alaƙa na iya sa a cire gaba ɗayan 32 ETH na stake. Yana da kyau kuma ingantaccen tsari ne mai sauƙi don hana hare-haren haɗin gwiwa. A matsayin mummunan tasirinsa na biyu, duk wani sauyi kwatsam a halin da ake tsammani daga babban aikin validator zai haifar da asarar da ke da alaƙa mai ban tsoro.

Abubuwan da suka faru a zahiri suna nuna abin da ke cikin haɗari. A watan Satumba 2022, wani mahari ya yi sa hannu sau biyu tare da ɗayan maɓallan jama'a da ke da alaƙa da Ankr kuma an yi wa validators arba'in da ke da alaƙa da shi slashing a lokaci guda don asarar da ta taru ta fi $52,000. Kusan validators ɗari da ke da alaƙa da Bitcoin Suisse an yi musu slashing saboda kuskuren shaidu a watan Nuwamba 2023, tare da asarar kusan $200,000. Waɗannan ba kuskure bane da aka yi da gangan, sun ci kuɗi. Game da babban validator na kamfani mai wajibcin doka, slashing yana haifar da babbar barazana amma, ya danganta da dokokin yankinsu, haka ma sakamakon doka da na ɓata suna na ganin cewa ana sarrafa hada-hadar da ba ta dace da doka ba — sakamakon shine ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfafa gwiwa don nesanta kai zuwa yankin da masu kula da dokoki da sauran ɓangarori ke ganin ya dace.

Kuma matsalar toshewa da wannan ke haifarwa ta duniya ce. Ba a bambanta ta ta hanyar nau'in kadara, ta manufa ko ta sahihancin hada-hadar kuɗi na ainihi ba. Kowane tura USDT a kan Ethereum, kowace mu'amala da protocol na DeFi ko smart contract dole ne ta wuce kuma a tabbatar da ita ta hanyar matakin tabbatarwa guda ɗaya wanda ke da tsari na haɗa iko a wuri guda kuma za a iya matsa masa lamba cikin sauƙi daga waje. Na biyu shine, idan wannan matsalar toshewar ta bi umarnin waje — koda a fakaice, kamar ta hanyar sabunta software ɗin watsawa (relay software) ko canza manufofin mai gudanarwa — hakan yana yaɗuwa a cikin duk hada-hadar kuɗi bayan haka. Yana da ƙananan wuraren toshewa, kuma duk wanda ya isa waɗancan wuraren toshewar ya isa ga komai.

Sabanin haka, ƙarfafa gwiwa don zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗancan wuraren toshewar yana hana raba iko (decentralization). Gina ingantaccen fasahar MEV, haɓakawa zuwa ƙa'idodin stake waɗanda ke sa liquid staking ya zama mai riba — duk waɗannan suna buƙatar albarkatun kuɗi da ƙwarewar kamfani wanda ta dabi'a ke dacewa da manyan ƙungiyoyi masu ɗumbin kuɗi. Validator na mutum ɗaya wanda ke gudanar da kumburi (node) guda ɗaya tare da 32 ETH yana samun kusan ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya amma ƙasa da hakan kuma baya jefa ƙuri'a kwata-kwata a kowace tattaunawa ta gudanarwa. Idan aka bar su da kansu, tsarin tattalin arziki na tsarin, yana tura tattara iko gaba sosai.

Kyakkyawan ɓangaren shine cewa da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka fi dacewa su magance ta sun riga sun fahimci matsalar sosai. Labari mai daɗi shine cewa ƙarfafa gwiwa don bin sabbin tokens da labaran kasuwa har yanzu yana da ƙarfi sosai fiye da kowane ƙarfafa gwiwa na sa ido kan gudanarwar kayan aikin tsarin a kowane lokaci.

![Tattara Masu Tabbatarwa a Wuri Guda: Kafa Ƙungiyar Asiri Ce ke Shiryuwa?](https://netts.io/blog/images/body/ac82f7e242862d8cd6a98bd750a8d02724fa9fcf-1200.webp)

Fasahar Distributed Validator Technology — DVT ta Lido Protocol tana gaya maka ka ɗauki raunin matakin kumburi na ma'aikaci guda ɗaya. DVT tana raba maɓallin validator a tsakanin masu aiki masu cin gashin kansu da yawa bisa ga tsarin sa hannu na ƙofa (threshold signature), wanda ke nufin ba a ba da izinin sanya hannu kafin a sami ƙuri'un da suka cancanta (quorum). Wannan yana nufin cewa ba za a taɓa iya haifar da abin da zai jawo slashing daga gazawar kumburi ɗaya ba, ko ma'aikaci ɗaya da aka yi wa kutse, kuma babu wani mai kula da doka guda ɗaya da zai iya umartar ma'aikaci ya toshe wani abu kuma irin wannan toshewar ta yaɗu ta atomatik. Karɓar DVT da Lido ta yi ya kasance mai ma'ana sosai a ma'auni na zahiri, a ƙarshen 2025 kimanin 711,456 ETH kuma kusan 1.99% na jimillar stake na Ethereum an tallafa musu ta hanyar validators masu amfani da DVT a ƙarƙashin Lido: wannan wani muhimmin mataki ne amma har yanzu ƙaramin ɓangare ne na duka.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin magance tsarin tattara ikon magina shine EIP-7805, Fork-Choice Enforced Inclusion Lists (FOCIL). Da nufin magance toshewa a matakin protocol maimakon bin doka na son rai, an amince da FOCIL a matsayin ɓangare na haɓakawar Hegotá mai zuwa na Ethereum da aka tsara don ƙarshen 2026. A kowane rami (slot), ana zaɓar validators 16 ba bisa ƙa'ida ba don kafa kwamiti kuma kowane kwamiti yana duba mempool na jama'a da kansa sannan ya watsa jerin hada-hadar da suke ganin ya kamata a haɗa. Don haka, dole ne mai gabatar da block ya sanya waɗancan hada-hadar a ciki. Masu tabbatarwa (attesters) za su jefa ƙuri'a ne kawai ga tubalan da suka cika sharuɗɗan haɗawa daga dukkan membobin kwamiti 16 a shirye. Block ɗin da bai haɗa kowane ɗayan ingantattun hada-hadar da aka lissafa ba ba zai sami goyon bayan attester ba kuma ba zai iya zama na ainihi ba (canonical).

Tsarin yana rarraba shawarar hada-hadar da za a haɗa a cikin kwamiti mai juyawa ta amfani da duk validators a cikin tsarin maimakon tattara shi a cikin magina blocks 2. Mahari zai buƙaci ya lalata rukunin validators 16 da aka zaɓa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba (waɗanda ba su da masaniyar cewa an zaɓe su a wannan ramin a baya) don toshe hada-hadar kuɗi a ƙarƙashin FOCIL. Matsa lamba ga kamfanoni biyu da aka sani waɗanda ke ƙirƙirar babban ɓangare na tubalan matsala ce daban ta zahiri.

![Tattara Masu Tabbatarwa a Wuri Guda: Kafa Ƙungiyar Asiri Ce ke Shiryuwa?](https://netts.io/blog/images/body/4f2885f9c03007451080e2719e0c6c7a982534fb-1289.webp)

Matsalar rashin kula da gudanarwa ba matsalar fasaha bace kuma ya kamata a kira ta da hakan. Kuma yawancin mutanen da ke cikin tsarin crypto sun fi damuwa da farashi, sabbin protocols, da kuma riba (yields). Gudanar da kayan aiki — wane ne ke tabbatarwa, yaya aka tattara stake a wuri guda, wace software ce magina ke amfani da ita — ba abu bane mai ban sha'awa sosai don tunani a kai kuma baya biyan kowane tokens ga waɗanda ke yin sa ido. Ya kamata a ɗauki tsarin rukunin validator, bambancin software (client diversity) da tattara ikon magina a matsayin muhimman ma'auni na farko ta al'ummomin da suka fi jajircewa ga kyawawan halayen dogon lokaci na crypto. Cewa akwai kayan aikin da ke akwai don wannan sa ido: binciken kan chain (on-chain analytics), allon bayanan staking na jama'a, ƙididdigar relay daga dandamalin da ke bin ka'idojin OFAC. Bayanan suna nan. Abin da ake da ƙarancinsa shine ci gaba da ba da hankali ga tambayoyin da suka dace.

## Sarrafa Kayan Aiki da Hanyoyi (Logistics) Shine Komai

Asalin cypherpunks sun fahimci wani abu da yawancin tattaunawar crypto a yau da alama sun manta: abu mai ban sha'awa a cikin tsarin da ba shi da ikon tsakiya ba wane irin kadara yake fitarwa bane. Shi ne kayan aikin da ba su da izinin yin hada-hadar kuɗi da duk wanda kake so. Idan irin wannan kariya ta wanzu, tana rayuwa ne a matakin da ke daidaita hada-hadar kuɗi — kuma ana rasa ta ko raunana ta daidai a wannan matakin idan ƙungiyoyin da ke kula da ita suka zama masu sauƙin kamuwa da irin hanyoyin tilastawa da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin kuɗi na gargajiya.

Wannan ba zato bane, kamar yadda abin da ya faru da Tornado Cash ya nuna. Code ɗin ba a iya canza shi ba. Koyaya, ainihin tsarin sarrafa hada-hadar kuɗi ba haka yake ba. Kowane dandamali, protocol da mai amfani a kan wannan tsarin — ba tare da wata alaƙa da Tornado Cash ko kaɗan ba — ya rayu a cikin yanayin da shawarar manufofin sirri na kamfanonin magina biyu ko uku ke nufin ba da fifiko ga hada-hadarsu a kan wani akasin haka.

Mabuɗin kowace matsalar toshewa wanda dole ne komai ya tace ta cikinsa. Mafi munin gazawa a cikin hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki ba sa faruwa a wani babban matakin da ke fuskantar masu amfani ba amma a ainihin wuraren toshe hanyoyin dabaru (logistics chokepoints) waɗanda babu wanda ke kula da su har sai sun daina aiki. Kuma abu ɗaya ya shafi kayan aikin blockchain. Manyan protocols na labarai, sabbin fitar da tokens, ƙuri'un gudanarwa kan ƙa'idodin kuɗin hada-hadar — irin wannan labari yana mamaye hankalin al'umma. Tsarin validator, tsarin kasuwar magina, sabunta manufofin relay — waɗannan suna jan hankali kaɗan sosai. Gaskiyar cewa wani abu a zahiri rashin daidaito ne, kuma duk wanda ya damu da inda crypto ke dosa a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa yana buƙatar duba waɗancan matsalolin toshewar — saboda a nan ne a ainihi za a tantance makomar tsarin, cikin nutsuwa sau biyu a rana a cikin shawarwarin da ba a cika lura da su ba da aka yanke a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyoyin da dole ne dukkan hada-hadar kuɗi su bi ta kansu.

![Tattara Masu Tabbatarwa a Wuri Guda: Kafa Ƙungiyar Asiri Ce ke Shiryuwa?](https://netts.io/blog/images/body/0597a413b03602117de8c57ddc5daa1ac9f832df-1440.webp)

Netts kuma tana ba da USDT Transfer Calculator, tana rage rashin fahimta game da kuɗaɗen kan chain kafin ƙaddamar da hada-hadar kuɗi ga waɗanda ke da sha'awar fahimtar ainihin yadda ake gudanar da abin da ke faruwa lokacin da tura ainihin USDT ya isa network. Kayan aikin yana lissafta daidai Energy da Bandwidth da suka wajaba ga kowane tura TRC20 USDT, tare da la'akari da ko adireshin da ake turawa ya riga ya riƙe USDT — wanda ke da muhimmanci saboda turawa zuwa adiresoshin da ba su da komai yana cin kusan ninkin Energy sau biyu (raka'a 131,000 sabanin 65,000).

Kuna kwatanta babban adadin kuɗi a nan: tura USDT na yau da kullun ta hanyar ƙone TRX yana kashe 13.84 TRX idan mai karɓa yana da ma'aunin USDT da 27.70 TRX idan ba shi da shi; yayin da hada-hadar karɓar kuɗin kanta ta amfani da hayar Energy tana buƙatar 2 zuwa 5 TRX kawai, wanda ke nufin tanadin sama da kashi 80 cikin ɗari. Don taimaka wa masu haɓaka software (developers) waɗanda ke son samun waɗannan lissafin ta hanyar tsarin shirin na'ura (programmatically), Netts tana ba da API endpoint wanda ke dawo da buƙatun Energy da Bandwidth ga kowane mai aikawa da mai karɓa ta hanyar buƙatar GET mai sauƙi. Lokacin da kowane kuɗin gas na USDT a kan network ɗin ke aiki a matsayin sakamakon kai tsaye na sanin yadda kake amfani da albarkatu kafin danna aikawa, sanin waɗancan lambobin a gaba ba zaɓi bane — shine wannan siririyar iyaka tsakanin samun kyakkyawan farashin aiki da kuma biyan kuɗin da bai dace ba gaba ɗaya.