---
title: "Tashi da Faɗuwa — Labarai Mafi Sauyin Yanayi a Duniyar Crypto"
description: "Terra, FTX, Thodex, Mt. Gox — mafi munin lokutan haɓaka da rugujewar crypto sun nuna yadda hayaniya, leverage, da zamba ke sauya farashi cikin sauri."
language: ha
published: 2026-04-04
author: Netts
topic: "Insights"
canonical: https://netts.io/blog/rises-and-falls-most-volatile-stories-in-crypto-world?lang=ha
languages: [en, ru, es, zh, th, fr, uk, tr, hi, fa, ar, ha, pt, vi, ko, ja, id, de, tl]
translation_outdated: false
---
# Tashi da Faɗuwa — Labarai Mafi Sauyin Yanayi a Duniyar Crypto

Terra, FTX, Thodex, Mt. Gox — mafi munin lokutan haɓaka da rugujewar crypto sun nuna yadda hayaniya, leverage, da zamba ke sauya farashi cikin sauri.

Duniyar kudaden intanet (cryptocurrency) hakika madubin tunanin dan adam ne, masana'antu, kuma a takaice, danyen karfin kasuwa. A cikin wannan daji na dijital, ana samun dukiya kuma a rasa ta cikin kifawar ido, wanda ke zama labarai kamar tatsuniyoyin zamani — labaran hauhawar farashi mai ban mamaki da ke karewa da rugujewa mai firgitarwa wanda ke barin masu zuba jari cikin rudani da masu kallo baki bude. Wannan yanayi mara tabbas ya kasance fage na wasu daga cikin labaran kudi mafi ban mamaki a tarihin baya-bayan nan, yayin da hauhawar farashi mai sauri ke fuskantar faduwa mai ban tsoro don samar da wani da'ira da ba ya taba kasawa wajen daukar hankali da kuma tsoratarwa a lokaci guda.

Dokokin wasan a duniyar crypto sun kasance ta yadda gazawa da nasara sukan zama manya-manya fiye da kima. Kasuwannin Crypto sun bambanta sosai da kasuwannin gargajiya da muka saba ciniki kafin zuwan kudaden intanet. Ba sa taba rufewa, galibi ba su da ka'idoji kuma labarai ba sa tasiri a kansu kamar yadda suke yi wa kadarorin gargajiya; sai dai, ra'ayoyi, hasashe (da sabuwar fasaha kamar kwangiloli masu basira ko "smart contracts"!) na iya canza komai cikin dare daya! Wannan yanayi shi ne mafi dacewa don faruwar wasu daga cikin labarai mafi ban mamaki — inda sako daya a Twitter (tweet) zai iya haddasa zirga-zirgar biliyoyin daloli, inda masu kirkira da ba a sani ba ke gudanar da tsare-tsare masu sarkakiya, kuma inda talakawa ke zama miloniyoyi ko matalauta cikin kwanaki kalilan.

## Hauhawar Farin Jini da Rugujewar Terra Luna

Kadan ne daga cikin labarai ke bayyana rashin tabbas na duniyar crypto fiye da na Terra Luna, wanda ya ruguje gaba daya a watan Mayun 2022. Abin da ya fara a matsayin wani sabon gwaji mai karfin gwiwa tare da kudaden "algorithmic stablecoins" ya haifar da daya daga cikin mafi munin bala'i a tarihin crypto. Ta hanyar amfani da UST stablecoin da abokin tafiyarsa, LUNA, an tsara tsarin Terra don ya kasance daidai da darajar dala ta hanyar daidaiton lissafi (algorithmic stabilization) maimakon tsarin jingina na gargajiya.

Terra Luna ta kai darajar kasuwa (market capitalization) sama da dala biliyan 40 a lokacin da take kololuwa, yayin da aka yi cinikin kudaden LUNA sama da dala 100.

Aikin ya tara makudan kudade daga manyan masu zuba jari na hukumomi wadanda suka hada yarjejeniyar (protocol) cikin abin da ya zama babban ginshiki na tsarin DeFi. Amma tsarin daidaita daraja ta hanyar lissafi (algorithmic stability mechanism) ne ya zama sanadin rugujewarsa. Lokacin da UST ya rasa daidaiton darajarsa da dala, hakan ya haifar da rugujewar da ba a iya tsayawa (death spiral) wanda ya sa darajar LUNA ta fadi daga sama da dala $100 zuwa kasa da kwabo daya a cikin ‘yan kwanaki. Wannan gazawar ta share biliyoyin daloli daga darajar kasuwa, inda ta ruguza dubban masu zuba jari da yarjejeniyoyin DeFi, baya ga manyan hukumomin da suka amince da tsarin lissafin.

Rugujewar Terra Luna wani babban darasi ne mai daci kan yadda dukiya za ta iya juyawa cikin kankanin lokaci a duniyar crypto mai cike da hadari. Masu zuba jari wadanda asusunsu ya bunkasa lokacin da aikin yake tashe sun tashi da kudaden intanet (tokens) marasa amfani, kuma baki dayan kasuwar crypto ta fuskanci babban tasiri na wannan rugujewar. Wadannan matsalolin suna nuna hadarin da ke tattare da irin wadannan tsare-tsare na lissafi, wanda ke nufin dole ne ka fahimci yadda fasahar take aiki sosai kafin ka zuba kudi.

## OneCoin — Damfara Mai Rikitarwa Ta Dala Biliyan $4.4

Yayin da Terra Luna ya kasance sahihin aiki ne wanda ya gaza saboda matsalar tsarin aiki, OneCoin watakila shi ne babban damfara mafi girma a tarihin kudin intanet (cryptocurrency). Ruja Ignatova ce ta kirkiro OneCoin a shekarar 2014, kuma an tallata shi a matsayin "mai kisan Bitcoin" wanda zai yi amfani da sabuwar fasahar da ake kira blockchain don sauya fasalin kudi da kuma samar da tabbacin riba ga duk wanda ya zuba jari a cikinsa a fadin duniya. Damfarar ta yi aiki ne a matsayin wani tsari da ke gudana a kan dandalin tallace-tallace na matakai daban-daban (multi-level marketing) wanda ya jawo akalla dala biliyan $4 daga daukar masu zuba jari a kusan kasashe 175.

Ya kasance yaudara ce ta kowane bangare kuma tsayayye. A cewar OneCoin, suna da blockchain da ke aiki da kuma tsarin hakar kudi (mining infrastructure) tare da wata sabuwar hanyar cimma matsaya (consensus method). Bincike daga baya ya gano cewa OneCoin ba shi da sahihin blockchain, hakar kudi, ko ma wani tsarin kudin intanet na gaskiya.

Dukkanin gudanarwar wani tsari ne na damfara (Ponzi scheme) da aka tsara shi da kyau, wanda kudaden sabbin masu zuba jari ke rura wutar biyan ribar tsofaffin mahalarta.

Shirin ya ruguje a shekarar 2017, lokacin da Ignatova ta bace, inda ta bar barna ta kudi a nahiyoyi da dama. Hukumar FBI ta sanya ta a cikin jerin mutanen da ake nema ruwa a jallo, kuma sakamakon rugujewar ya bar daruruwan dubban masu zuba jari—wadanda suka amince tare da zuba kudaden ajiyar rayuwarsu a cikin abin da suke tsammanin harkar cryptocurrency ce ta gaskiya—cikin mawuyacin hali. OneCoin ya kasance a matsayin tunatarwa cewa bincike na tsanaki yana da matukar muhimmanci, kuma idan wani abu ya yi kyau da yawa har ya wuce tunani, to tabbas akwai lauje cikin nadi.

## Abin Mamakin Squid Game Token

An kaddamar da Squid Game Token (SQUID) a karshen shekarar 2021 a matsayin kwaikwayon shahararren shirin nan na Netflix mai suna "Squid Game." A cikin ‘yan kwanaki masu zuwa, darajar token din ta karu da fiye da kashi 75,000% har ta kai kololuwar $2,861 yayin da masu zuba jari suka yi tururuwar shiga abin da ya yi kama da wani babban nasarar cryptocurrency na gaba.

Amma aikin yana da wata babbar nakasa—wadda ba a gano ta ba sai bayan masu zuba jari sun riga sun zuba kudadensu. Masu kera shirin (developers) sun sanya wasu matakan sarrafawa da ke hana masu rike da SQUID token sayar da abin da suke da shi—wanda hakan ya sa masu zuba jari suka makale a cikin kasuwar da ba za su iya fita ba. Kwanaki kadan bayan token din ya kai matsayinsa mafi girma, masu kera shirin suka yi daya daga cikin tsofaffin dabarun damfara: wato "rug pull," inda suka kwashe dukkan kudaden da ke cikin liquidity pool—tare da fiye da dala miliyan 3—suka bace, suka bar masu zuba jari da tokens marasa amfani wadanda ba za a iya musayar su a ko’ina ba.

Halin da aka shiga game da Squid Game Token babban misali ne na yadda ake amfani da abubuwan da suka yi fice a intanet a matsayin makami cikin sauri a duniyar crypto.

Zafin kishin al'adun gargajiya, hayaniyar kafofin sada zumunta, da kuma tsoron rasa damar da wasu ke samu (FOMO) duk sun samar da yanayi mai kyau ga wata zamba mai wayo wadda ta yi amfani da zumudin masu zuba jari na son kasancewa cikin sabon abin da ya mamaye duniyar crypto.

## Thodex — Zambar Gudu da Kudade (Exit Scam) na Dalar Amurka Biliyan 2.6

Thodex, wadda a da ita ce babbar kasuwar musayar kudaden intanet (cryptocurrency) a kasar Turkiyya, wani babban darasi ne da ke nuna yadda amana za ta iya rugujewa cikin kankanin lokaci a duniyar crypto. A watan Afrilun 2021, kasuwar ta dakatar da ciniki ba zato ba tsammani saboda abin da ta kira gyaran na'ura. Amma cikin 'yan kwanaki, aka gano cewa wanda ya kafa ta, Faruk Fatih Özer, ya gudu daga Turkiyya da kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 2.6 na kudaden masu amfani da dandalin, inda aka hana sama da mutane 400,000 damar samun kudadensu.

![Tashi da Faɗuwa — Labarai Mafi Sauyin Yanayi a Duniyar Crypto](https://netts.io/blog/images/body/964b774a87c1e8a88a32cde822750b8a23181998-1337.webp)

Rugujewar Thodex ta kasance mai ban tausayi kwarai domin ta shafi masu amfani da dandalin wadanda suka amince da abin da ya bayyana a matsayin kasuwa mai daraja kuma mai bin doka. Masu amfani da dama sun zuba dukkan kudaden ajiyar rayuwarsu suna tunanin suna zuba jari ne a dandalin ciniki mai aminci da gaskiya. Sakamakon rufewar ba-zata, da kuma jita-jitar bacewar wanda ya kafa ta, dubban iyalai sun tsinci kansu a gab da rugujewar tattalin arziki — kudadensu sun tafi, kuma watakila ba za a taba dawo da su ba.

Daga baya an kama Özer a kasar Albaniya aka kuma mika shi ga kasar Turkiyya inda ya fuskanci zarge-zargen zamba da halatta kudaden haram. Amma barna ta riga ta faru, kuma hakan ya nuna hadarin da ke tattare da kasuwannin musaya na tsakiya (centralized exchanges), da ma baki daya a duniyar crypto, na bukatar kasancewar masu sanya ido na gwamnati.

## Rugujewar FTX — Mummunan Bala'in Kasuwar Musaya na Dalar Amurka Biliyan 11

Rugujewar FTX a watan Nuwamban 2022 na daya daga cikin mafi girman gazawa a tarihin kudaden intanet (cryptocurrency). FTX, wadda Sam Bankman-Fried ya kafa, ta taba zama daya daga cikin manyan kasuwannin musayar cryptocurrency a duniya, inda darajarta ta kai sama da dalar Amurka biliyan 32 a lokacin da take kan ganiyarta.

An bayar da rahoton cewa ya kamata dandalin ya mallaki kadarorin abokan ciniki na dala biliyan 11.3, amma bincike ya nuna cewa dala biliyan 2.3 ne kawai za a iya tabbatarwa, yayin da aka karkatar da sauran ta hanyar asusun jarin FTX mai suna Alameda Research.

Rugujewar ta kasance cikin gaggawa kuma mai ban tsoro. Bayan rahotannin farko na rashin gaskiya a harkar kudi, FTX ta shigar da bukatar fatara (bankruptcy) cikin kwanaki kalilan, wanda hakan ya sa miliyoyin masu amfani da dandalin suka kasa samun damar shiga kudadensu. Daga karshe an samu Bankman-Fried da laifin zamba da hadin baki wajen halatta kudaden haram, inda aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 25 a gidan yari a watan Maris na 2024. Wannan lamari ya rage amincewa da dandalolin musayar kudi na tsakiya (centralized exchanges) sannan ya nuna hadarin dogaro da wasu mutane daban don kare kudaden crypto.

## Bacewar Africrypt — Dala Biliyan 3.6 Sun Salwanta

A shekarar 2021, wadanda suka kafa dandalin jarin cryptocurrency na Afirka ta Kudu mai suna Africrypt, Ameer da Raees Cajee, sun bace da kusan dala biliyan 3.6 na kudaden masu jari. Yan uwan sun fara bayyana cewa an yi wa dandalin kutse (hacked), amma hujjoji sun nuna cewa zamba ce ta tsari (exit scam). Zambar ta bar dubban mutanen Afirka ta Kudu ba tare da kudadensu ba — ga wasu ma, dukkan abin da suka mallaka ne — bayan sun zuba jari a dandalin "cryptocurrency" wanda ya bayyana kamar na gaskiya ne.

Shari'ar Africrypt ta nuna yadda zambar crypto take da alaka da kasashen duniya da kuma wahalar hukunta laifukan da suka shafi kasa fiye da daya. Kodayake mutane da yawa sun nemi kudaden da aka karkatar, har yanzu ba a gano yawancin kudaden takarda (fiat) da aka sace ba, wanda hakan ya bar wadanda aka cuta ba tare da wani tabbas na dawo da kudadensu ba.

## Zambar Ponzi ta BitConnect — An Yi Asarar Dala Biliyan 2.4

BitConnect wani tsarin zamba ne na Ponzi wanda ya yi aiki daga 2016 zuwa 2018, yana yin ikirari na karya game da wasu dabarun ciniki (algorithms) da ba a iya doke su da kuma tabbacin samun riba a kullum. Dandalin ya tara fiye da dala biliyan 2.4 daga masu jari a duk fadin duniya kafin ya ruguje a watan Janairun 2018.

Wanda ya kafa ta, Satish Kumbhani, daga baya an tuhume shi da laifin zamba a shekarar 2022, amma tuni barna ta riga ta faru.

![Tashi da Faɗuwa — Labarai Mafi Sauyin Yanayi a Duniyar Crypto](https://netts.io/blog/images/body/017be3dc70dbeb84481f538cd072aacf279da1ff-507.webp)

Abin da ya fi hadari game da damfarar BitConnect shi ne yadda ta yi amfani da dabarun tallace-tallace na matakai daban-daban (multi-level marketing) don jawo hankalin mutane da yawa; wannan yaudara ta yi aiki ne a matsayin tsarin dala (pyramid), inda take dogara da kudaden sabbin masu zuba jari don biyan ribar wadanda suka riga suka zuba jari. Masu zuba jari da dama sun tsinci kansu da mallakar kudaden BCC (BCC tokens) marasa daraja, inda mutane da yawa suka fuskanci gagarumar asarar kudi lokacin da tsarin ya ruguje.

## Harin Mt. Gox — Bitcoins 850,000 Sun Bace

Mt. Gox, wadda a wani lokaci ita ce babbar hanyar musayar Bitcoin a duniya, ta sanar da fatarar kudi a shekarar 2014 bayan Bitcoins 850,000 masu darajar kusan dala miliyan 450 sun bace daga dandalinta. Wannan sata tana daya daga cikin mafi muni irinta — sannan ta zama jan kunne ga masana'antar game da harkar tsaro.

Daga bisani an kama babban jami'in gudanarwarta (CEO), Mark Karpeles, inda aka tuhume shi da karkatar da kudade da kuma yin magudi da bayanai, kodayake ya dage cewa shi ba shi da laifi. Kutsen da aka yi wa Mt. Gox ya fallasa raunin dandalolin musayar kudaden intanet (cryptocurrency exchanges) na farko, kuma ya taimaka wajen samar da tsauraran matakan sa ido kan irin wadannan dandaloli daga hukumomin da ke kula da harkokin kudi a fadin duniya.

## Zambar Ponzi ta HyperVerse — Zambar Fam Biliyan 1.5

HyperVerse, wadda kuma aka sani da sunan HyperFund, ta yi aiki a matsayin kasuwancin hakar kudaden intanet (crypto mining) da zuba jari daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2022, inda aka gaya wa masu amfani da ita cewa za su rika samun riba mai yawa a kullum sakamakon ayyukan hakar kudaden intanet da take ikirarin yi. Ana zargin cewa wannan tsarin zamba ya tara kusan fam biliyan 1 zuwa fam biliyan 1.5 daga kudaden masu zuba jari kafin a gano cewa ashe tsarin Ponzi ne na miliyoyin daloli wanda ba ya samar da kudaden shiga na halal.

Zambar HyperVerse ta kasance mai sarkakiya sosai, tare da kayayyakin tallace-tallace na kwararru wadanda suka sa komai ya yi kama da gaskiya.

Yayin da dabarar ta ruguje, dubban masu zuba jari sun tsinci kansu da takardun shaida (tokens) marasa daraja ba tare da wata hanyar da za su iya dawo da jarin su ba.

## Kutse a Hanyar Sadarwa ta Poly Network — An Sace Dalar Amurka Miliyan 611

A shekarar 2021, Poly Network, wata yarjejeniyar gada ta tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa (cross-chain bridge protocol), ta fada cikin daya daga cikin manyan satar kudaden intanet (cryptocurrency) a tarihi. Masu kutse sun yi amfani da rauni a cikin kwangiloli masu basira (smart contracts) na hanyar sadarwar, inda suka kwashe kadarorin crypto daban-daban na darajar dalar Amurka miliyan 611. Abin sha'awa game da lamarin shi ne cewa daga karshe mai kutsen ya mayar da mafi yawan kudaden da aka sace, yana mai cewa ya yi hakan ne don nuna raunin tsaro.

Harin na Poly Network ya kuma nuna raunin yarjejeniyar cross-chain da kuma mahimmancin binciken tsaro mai zurfi a cikin DeFi. Ko da yake an mayar da mafi yawan kudaden daga karshe, hakan ya nuna yadda za a iya sace miliyoyin daloli cikin sauri ta hanyar fasaha.

## Kutse a Hanyar Sadarwa ta Ronin Network — An Yi Kutse a Dandalin Wasan Bidiyo na Dalar Amurka Miliyan 625

Ronin Network, wadda ke da alaka da shahararren wasan blockchain na Axie Infinity, an yi mata kutse mai girma a shekarar 2022. Masu kutse sun yi kutse a cikin sirrin shiga (private keys) na hanyar sadarwar tare da kwashe kadarorin crypto na darajar dalar Amurka miliyan 625. Wannan lamari ya tayar da damuwa sosai game da tsaron hanyoyin sadarwa na blockchain da ke da alaka da dandamalin wasanni, sannan ya fallasa hadarin da ke tattare da tsarin tantancewa na bai-daya (central verification system) a cikin abin da aka tsara ya zama tsarin da ba shi da cibiya (decentralized structure).

![Tashi da Faɗuwa — Labarai Mafi Sauyin Yanayi a Duniyar Crypto](https://netts.io/blog/images/body/b2629826f753f0ef1dbc56a495804be9c54d16cc-670.webp)

Kutsen na Ronin Network bai shafi masu zuba jari kadai ba, har ma da 'yan wasa wadanda suka zuba makudan kudaden da za su iya canza rayuwa a cikin tsarin tattalin arziki na "play-to-earn" na Axie Infinity.

Wannan lamari ya tabbatar da yadda rauni a wani sashe na duniyar crypto zai iya yin tasiri mai faɗi.

## Shirin Damfara na Pincoin (Ponzi Scheme) — Dala Miliyan 660 Sun Bace Cikin Dare Guda

Pincoin ya yi alkawarin riba mai tsoka ga masu zuba jari kuma ya jawo dubban mahalarta kafin ya bace cikin dare guda, inda ya bar su da wasu tokens marasa amfani, tare da asarar sama da dala miliyan 660. Wannan damfara ta kasance mai sarkakiya domin ta yi amfani da dabarun tallace-tallace na zamani don nuna kamar halastacciya ce — tare da shafukan yanar gizo na kwararru da tsare-tsaren zuba jari dalla-dalla.

Rugujewar Pincoin ta zama tunatarwa kan yadda tsare-tsaren crypto za su iya bacewa cikin sauki da kuɗaɗen masu zuba jari, sau da yawa suna barin waɗanda aka damfara suna neman mafita a iska. Wannan wani misali ne na yadda damfarar crypto ta zama annoba ta duniya, tare da mutanen da abin ya shafa a ƙasashe da dama.

Tabarbarewar Token na LIBRA — Lokacin da Goyon Bayan Shugaban Ƙasa Ya Lalace!

Kuɗin intanet (cryptocurrency) da ake kira #LIBRA an zuba masa miliyoyin daloli a kowace sa'a a watan Fabrairun 2025, yayin da Shugaban ƙasar Argentina Javier Milei ya amince da shi. Amma bayan tashin farashin na farko, na-cikin-gida sun kwashe kuɗaɗensu, inda kusan dala miliyan 250 suka bace — kuma farashin coin ɗin ya ruguje da sama da kashi 90%. Wannan tabarbarewa ta nuna haɗarin amincewar shahararrun mutane a harkar crypto da kuma haɗarin da ke tattare da maguɗin na-cikin-gida.

Tabarbarewar token na LIBRA ta nuna mana yadda jami'an siyasa za su iya yin tasiri cikin sauri a kasuwannin crypto da kuma yadda ƙananan masu zuba jari za su iya kasancewa cikin haɗarin dabarun "pump-and-dump" da aka tsara. Lamarin ya kuma rura wutar muhawara kan nauyin da ke wuyan fitattun mutane yayin tallata zuba jari a cryptocurrency.

## Haɗari da Tunani irin na Gidan Caca

Haka yanayin kasuwar cryptocurrency yake wanda ba a iya hasashen sa, inda arziki zai iya juyawa cikin dare guda. Al'ummomi kamar WallStreetBets sun mayar da dabarun zuba jari irin na gidan caca a matsayin al'ada, inda ake yin murnar kasada mai haɗari kuma bambanci tsakanin zuba jari da sayen tikitin caca ya zama mai wuyar ganewa.

Wannan tunanin na caca na iya zama masifa, domin mutane na iya rasa fiye da abin da za su iya jurewa a yayin neman kudi cikin sauki.

Matsalar tana kara ta'azzara ne sakamakon son zuciya na nuna nasara kawai (survivorship bias), inda ake bayyana labaran nasara kadai, yayin da ake yin watsi da dimbin gazawar da aka samu. Wannan yana haifar da hoto na yaudara game da kasuwar crypto, inda nasara ke bayyana kamar tana faruwa akai-akai fiye da yadda take a zahiri, wanda hakan ke sa mutane da yawa yin kasada mara dalili da tanadin kudadensu.

## Netts USDT Transfer — Hanya Mai Sauki don Yin Ma'amalar Crypto

A cikin sarkakkiyar duniyar tura kudaden cryptocurrency, masu samar da hidima kamar Netts USDT Transfer suna samar da sabbin hanyoyin magance matsalolin da aka saba fuskanta. Wannan hidimar tana ba masu amfani damar tura USDT a dandalin TRON ba tare da bukatar mallakar TRX ba, ko kuma fuskantar matsalolin amfani da makamashi (Energy). Maimakon amfani da wasu nau'ikan token daban-daban, kawai ka biya kudin gas da USDT, kuma tura kudi zai zama mafi sauki ta hanyar amfani da ma'ajiyar token guda daya kacal don dukkan ayyukan.

![Tashi da Faɗuwa — Labarai Mafi Sauyin Yanayi a Duniyar Crypto](https://netts.io/blog/images/body/5644df0bee6b0f44d8dc4ad0dd442bf145faf76c-1440.webp)

Duniyar cryptocurrency za ta ci gaba da samar da labaran hauhawar farashi mai ban mamaki da kuma faduwar daraja mai radadi, nasarori masu kayatarwa da kuma mummunan kaye. Akwai yuwuwar samun riba mai yawa, haka ma akwai babban hadari. Kuma hanya daya tilo ta ratsa wannan fage mai cike da rudani ita ce ta hanyar neman ilimi, yin taka-tsantsan, da kuma sanin damammaki da kuma hadurran da ke tattare da zuba jari a wannan kasuwa da ke ci gaba da bunkasa.